The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)Spencer, Herbert
Science
The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)
Spencer, Herbert
Biology
§ 265. The questions to be treated under the above title are widely
different from those which it ordinarily expresses. We have no
alternative, however, but to use Physiology in a sense co-extensive
with that in which we have used Morphology. We must here consider
the facts of function in a manner parallel to that in which we
have, in the foregoing Part, considered the facts of structure.
As, hitherto, we have concerned ourselves with those most general
phenomena of organic form which, holding irrespective of class and
order and sub-kingdom, illustrate the processes of integration and
differentiation characterizing Evolution at large; so, now, we have
to concern ourselves with the evidences of those differentiations and
integrations of organic functions which have simultaneously arisen,
and which similarly transcend the limits of zoological and botanical
divisions. How heterogeneities of action have progressed along with
heterogeneities of structure--that is the inquiry before us; and
obviously, in pursuing it, all the specialities with which Physiology
usually deals can serve us only as materials.
Before entering on the study of Morphological Development, it
was pointed out that while facts of structure may be empirically
generalized apart from facts of function, they cannot be rationally
interpreted apart; and throughout the foregoing pages this truth has
been made abundantly manifest. Here we are obliged to recognize the
interdependence still more distinctly; for the phenomena of function
cannot even be conceived without direct and perpetual consciousness of
the phenomena of structure. Though the subject-matter of Physiology
is as broadly distinguished from the subject-matter of Morphology as
motion is from matter; yet, just as the laws of motion cannot be known
apart from some matter moved, so there can be no knowledge of function
without a knowledge of some structure as performing function.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account