The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)Spencer, Herbert
Science
The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)
Spencer, Herbert
Biology
average molecular motion which it there unites to produce, differs from
the average molecular motion elsewhere; then, as before, there will
arise a discharge along another channel or nerve to another centre
or ganglion, where the residuary difference may be cancelled by the
differences it meets; or whence it may be still further propagated till
it is so cancelled. Thus there will be a tendency to a general nervous
integration keeping pace with the differentiation.
Of course this must be taken as nothing more than the indication of
initial tendencies--not as an hypothesis sufficient to account for all
the facts. It leaves out of sight the origin and functions of ganglia,
considered as something more than nerve-junctions. Were there only
these lines of easy transmission of molecular disturbance, a change
set up in one organ could never do more than produce its equivalent of
change in some other or others; and there could be none of that large
amount of motion initiated by a small sensation, which we habitually
see. The facts show, unmistakably, that the slight disturbance
communicated to a ganglion, causes an overthrow of that highly-unstable
nervous matter contained in it, and a discharge from it of the
greatly-increased quantity of molecular motion so generated. This,
however, is beyond our immediate topic. All we have here to note is the
interdependence and unification of functions that naturally follow the
differentiation of them.
§ 309. Something might be added concerning the further class of
integrations by which organisms are constituted mechanically-coherent
wholes. Carrying further certain of the arguments contained in the
last chapter, it might be not unreasonably inferred that the binding
together of parts by bones, muscles, and ligaments, is a secondary
result of those same actions by which bones, muscles, and ligaments
are specialized. But adequate treatment of this division of the subject
is at present scarcely possible.
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