The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)Spencer, Herbert
Science
The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)
Spencer, Herbert
Biology
Facts confirming these interpretations are afforded by the structure
and distribution of buds. The phænogamic axis in its primordial form,
being an integrated series of folia; and the development of that part
by which these folia are held together at considerable distances
from one another, taking place afterwards; it is inferable from the
general principles of embryology, that in its rudimentary stages, the
phænogamic shoot will have its foliar parts more clearly marked out
than its axial parts. This we see in every bud. Every bud consists
of the rudiments of leaves packed together without any appreciable
internodal spaces; and the internodal spaces begin to increase with
rapidity, only when the foliar organs have been considerably developed.
Moreover, where nutrition falls short, and arrest of development
takes place--that is, where a flower is formed--the internodes remain
undeveloped: the unfolding ceases before the later-acquired characters
of the phænogamic shoot are assumed. Lastly, as the hypothesis leads us
to expect, axillary buds make their appearances later than the foliar
organs which they accompany; and where, as at the ends of shoots, these
foliar organs show failure of chlorophyll, the axillary buds are not
produced at all. That these are inferable traits of structure, will be
manifest on inspecting Figs. 106–110; and on observing, first, that
the doubly-proliferous tendency of which the axillary bud is a result,
implies abundant nutrition; and on observing, next, that the original
place of secondary prolification, is such that the foliar surface on
which it occurs, must grow to some extent before the bud appears.
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