The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IIMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Science
The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law
All these halogen compounds of aluminium are soluble in water.
_Aluminium fluoride_, AlF_{3} (Al_{_n_}F_{3_n_}), is insoluble in
water. It is obtained by dissolving alumina in hydrofluoric acid;
a solution is then formed, but it contains an excess of
hydrofluoric acid. When this solution is evaporated, crystals
containing Al_{2}F_{6},HF,H_{2}O are obtained. They are also
insoluble in water. By saturating the above solution with a large
quantity of alumina, and then evaporating, we obtain crystals
having the composition Al_{2}F_{6},7H_{2}O. All these compounds,
when ignited, leave insoluble anhydrous aluminium fluoride. It
forms colourless rhombohedra, which are non-volatile, of sp. gr.
3·1, and are decomposed by steam into alumina and hydrofluoric
acid. The acid solution apparently contains a compound which has
its corresponding salts; by the addition of a solution of
potassium fluoride, a gelatinous precipitate of AlK_{3}F_{6} is
obtained. A similar compound occurs in nature--namely,
AlNa_{3}F_{6}, or _cryolite_, sp. gr. 3·0.
[34 bis] In this respect aluminium chloride resembles the chloranhydrides
of the acids, and probably in the aqueous solution the elements of
the hydrochloric acid are already separated, at least partially,
from the aluminium hydroxide. The solution may also be obtained by
the action of aluminium hydroxide on hydrochloric acid.
[35] Here we see an instance in confirmation of what has been said in
Note 30--_i.e._ the action of the molecule AlCl_{3}. We will cite
still another instance confirming the power of alumina to enter
into complex combinations. Alumina, moistened with a solution of
calcium chloride, gives, when ignited, an anhydrous crystalline
substance (tetrahedral), which is soluble in acids, and contains
(Al_{2}O_{3})_{6}(CaO)_{10}CaCl_{2}. Even clay forms a similar
stony substance, which might be of practical use.
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