The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IIMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Science
The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law
In general, fluorine and phosphorus give stable compounds: PF_{3},
POF_{3}, and PF_{5}, as would be expected from the fact that in
passing from Cl to I (_i.e._ as the atomic weight of the halogen
increases) the stability of the compounds with P and the tendency
to give PX_{5} (Note 24) decreases. _Phosphorus trifluoride_ is
obtained by heating a mixture of ZnF_{2} and PBr_{3}, by the
action of AsF_{3} upon PCl_{3}, by heating phosphide of copper
with PbF_{2}, &c. It is a strong-smelling gas, which liquefies at
-10° under a pressure of 40 atmospheres, giving a colourless
liquid. It dissolves easily in (is absorbed by, reacts with)
water, and acts upon glass; when mixed with Cl_{2} it combines
with it (Poulenc, 1891), forming PCl_{2}F_{3}, a colourless gas of
normal density, which is transformed into a liquid at 8°,
decomposes into PF_{3} + Cl_{2} at 250°, and, with a small amount
of water, gives _oxy-fluoride_ of phosphorus, POF_{3} (with a
large amount of water it gives PH_{3}O_{4}), which Moissan (1891)
obtained by the action of dry HF upon P_{2}O_{5}, and Thorpe and
Tutton (1890) by heating a mixture of cryolite and P_{2}O_{5}. It
is a gas of normal density, like PF_{3}, and was obtained by
Moissan by the action of fluorine upon PF_{3} (PSF_{3}, _see_
Chapter XX., Note 20). Thus the forms PX_{3} and PX_{5} not only
exist in many solid and non-volatile substances, but also as
vapours.
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