On loose sandy soil, it might even be unnecessary to break up the ground in any way; the furrows may be dispensed with, and the seed sown broadcast after the land has been harrowed. After the plants have come up, they should be thinned so that they stand 6-8 feet apart. When the young trees have attained the height of 3-4 feet, the lower branches should be pruned off, and every effort afterwards made to keep the stem straight and clear, in order to facilitate the stripping, and induce an increased yield of bark. It is advisable that the black and broad-leaved kinds should be grown separately, as the black wattle, being of much larger and quicker growth, would oppress the slower-growing broad-leaved one. Care should be taken to replace every tree stripped by re-sowing, in order that there should be as little variation in the yield as possible. In Victoria, the months of September-December are those in which the sap rises without intermission, and the bark is charged with tannin. Analysis proves that the bark from trees growing on limestone is greatly inferior in tannin to that obtained from other formations, differing 10-25 per cent. The following are South American mimosas:-- _A. cavenia_, Espinillo. Bark, contains 6 per cent., pods, 18-21 per cent., or more of tannin. _A. cebil_, Red Cebil. Bark, contains 10-15 per cent.; leaves, 6-7 per cent. tannin. Argentine Republic. _A. Guarensis_, Algarobilla of Argentine Republic. Bark, pods and flowers said to be used for tanning. _A. timbo_, Buenos Ayres. _A. curupi_, Curupy bark. _A. angico_, or _Piptadenia macrocarpa_, Brazil, yields “angica bark,” a sample of which contained 20 per cent. of tanning matter when analysed recently in the Author’s laboratory. “White Bark,” South America, probably an acacia, bark internally very similar to angica, if not identical. _A. horrida_, “_Doornbosch_,” Cape of Good Hope, contains 8 per cent. of tannin. _Inga feuillei_, “_Paypay_,” Peru. Pods said to contain 12-15 per cent. of tannin (doubtful). Several other species of _Inga_ known to contain tannin. _Elephantorrhiza Burchellii_, _Elandsboschjes_, _Tugwar_, or _Tulwah_, South Africa; a papilionaceous plant. The air-dry root contains 12 per cent. of tannin, and a great deal of red colouring matter. The roots are several feet long, and about 2 inches in diameter, growing by the sides of rivers. The following additions may be made to the above list:-- EUPHORBIACEÆ. _Cleistanthus collinus_, “_Kodarsi_,” Deccan. Bark stated to contain 33 per cent. of tannin. _Phyllanthus emblica_, India, yields emblic myrobalans, which in immature condition contain considerable tannin. Leaves (18 per cent.) and bark used for tanning. _Phyllanthus distichus_ and _nepalensis_ both yield tanning barks. COMBRETACEÆ. _Anogeissus latifolia_, India. Bark and leaves rich in tannin. GUTTIFERÆ. _Garcinia mangostana_, India. The rind of the mangosteen fruit contains much tannin. CHAPTER XIX.