The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)James, William
Philosophy
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
The great thing, then, in all education, is to _make our nervous
system our ally instead of our enemy_. It is to fund and capitalize
our acquisitions, and live at ease upon the interest of the fund.
_For this we must make automatic and habitual, as early as possible,
as many useful actions as we can,_ and guard against the growing into
ways that are likely to be disadvantageous to us, as we should guard
against the plague. The more of the details of our daily life we can
hand over to the effortless custody of automatism, the more our higher
powers of mind will be set free for their own proper work. There is no
more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but
indecision, and for whom the lighting of every cigar, the drinking
of every cup, the time of rising and going to bed every day, and the
beginning of every bit of work, are subjects of express volitional
deliberation. Full half the time of such a man goes to the deciding,
or regretting, of matters which ought to be so ingrained in him as
practically not to exist for his consciousness at all. If there be such
daily duties not yet ingrained in any one of my readers, let him begin
this very hour to set the matter right.
In Professor Bain's chapter on 'The Moral Habits' there are some
admirable practical remarks laid down. Two great maxims emerge from his
treatment. The first is that in the acquisition of a new habit, or
the leaving off of an old one, we must take care to _launch ourselves
with as strong and decided an initiative as possible_. Accumulate all
the possible circumstances which shall re-enforce the right motives;
put yourself assiduously in conditions that encourage the new way; make
engagements incompatible with the old; take a public pledge, if the
case allows; in short, envelop your resolution with every aid you know.
This will give your new beginning such a momentum that the temptation
to break down will not occur as soon as it otherwise might; and every
day during which a breakdown is postponed adds to the chances of its
not occurring at all.
The second maxim is: _Never suffer an exception to occur till the new
habit is securely rooted in your life_. Each lapse is like the letting
fall of a ball of string which one is carefully winding up; a single
slip undoes more than a great many turns will wind again. _Continuity_
of training is the great means of making the nervous system act
infallibly right. As Professor Bain says:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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