The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)James, William
Philosophy
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
But with the dawn of consciousness an entirely new nature seems to slip
in, something whereof the potency was _not_ given in the mere outward
atoms of the original chaos.
The enemies of evolution have been quick to pounce upon this undeniable
discontinuity in the data of the world and many of them, from the
failure of evolutionary explanations at this point, have inferred their
general incapacity all along the line. Every one admits the entire
incommensurability of feeling as such with material motion as such.
"A motion became a feeling!"--no phrase that our lips can frame is
so devoid of apprehensible meaning. Accordingly, even the vaguest of
evolutionary enthusiasts, when deliberately comparing material with
mental facts, have been as forward as any one else to emphasize the
'chasm' between the inner and the outer worlds.
"Can the oscillations of a molecule," says Mr. Spencer, "be
represented side by side with a nervous shock [he means a mental
shock], and the two be recognized as one? No effort enables us to
assimilate them. That a unit of feeling has nothing in common with a
unit of motion becomes more than ever manifest when we bring the two
into juxtaposition."[160]
And again:
"Suppose it to have become quite clear that a shock in consciousness
and a molecular motion are the subjective and objective faces of the
same thing; we continue utterly incapable of uniting the two, so as to
conceive that reality of which they are the opposite faces."[161]
In other words, incapable of perceiving in them any common character.
So Tyndall, in that lucky paragraph which has been quoted so often that
every one knows it by heart:
"The passage from the physics of the brain to the corresponding facts
of consciousness is unthinkable. Granted that a definite thought and
a definite molecular action in the brain occur simultaneously; we do
not possess the intellectual organ, nor apparently any rudiment of the
organ, which would enable us to pass, by a process of reasoning, from
one to the other."[162]
Or in this other passage:
"We can trace the development of a nervous system and correlate with
it the parallel phenomena of sensation and thought. We see with
undoubting certainty that they go hand in hand. But we try to soar
in a vacuum the moment we seek to comprehend the connection between
them.... There is no fusion possible between the two classes of
facts--no motor energy in the intellect of man to carry it without
logical rupture from the one to the other."[163]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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