has, in his elaborate way (Grundtatsachen, 179-188), made mince-meat of the view that stage 3 involves either conscious perception or conscious will. [116] Physiol. Psych., 3d edition (1887), vol. ii, p. 266. [117] Philosophische Studien, vol. iv, p. 479 (1888). [118] _Loc. cit._ p. 488. [119] _Loc. cit._ p. 487. [120] _Loc. cit._ p. 489. [121] Lange has an interesting hypothesis as to the brain-process concerned in the latter, for which I can only refer to his essay. [122] The reader who wishes to know more about the matter will find a most faithful compilation of all that has been done, together with much original matter, in G. Buccola's 'Legge del Tempo,' etc. See also chapter xvi of Wundt's Physiol. Psychology; Exner in Hermann's Hdbch., Bd. 2, Thl. ii, pp. 252-280; also Ribot's Contemp. Germ. Psych. chap. viii. [123] The nature of the movement also seems to make it vary. Mr. B. I. Gilman and I reacted to the same signal by simply raising our hand, and again by carrying our hand towards our back. The moment registered was always that at which the hand broke an electric contact in _starting_ to move. But it started one or two hundredths of a second later when the more extensive movement was the one to be made. Orchansky, on the other hand, experimenting on contractions of the masseter muscle, found (Archiv f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1889, p. 187) that the greater the amplitude of contraction intended, the shorter grew the time of reaction. He explains this by the fact that a more ample contraction makes a greater _appeal to the attention_, and that this shortens the times. [124] Physiol. Psych., ii, 223. [125] François-Franck, Fonctions Motrices, Leçon xxii. [126] La Paura (1884), p. 117. [127] Ueber den Kreislauf des Blutes im menschlichen Gehirn (1881), chap. ii. The Introduction gives the history of our previous knowledge of the subject. [128] In this conclusion M. Gley (Archives de Physiologie, 1881, p. 742) agrees with Professor Mosso. Gley found his pulse rise 1-3 beats, his carotid dilate, and his radial artery contract during hard mental work. [129] Address before Med. and Chirurg. Society of Maryland, 1879. [130] See his book; "Experimental Researches on the Regional Temperature of the Head" (London, 1879). [131] _Loc. cit._ p. 195. [132] The most convenient account of Schiff's experiments is by Prof. Hierzen, in the Revue Philosophique, vol. iii, p. 36. [133] A New Study of Cerebral Cortical Localization (N. Y., Putnam, 1880), pp. 48-53. [134] Archives of Medicine, vol. x, No. 1 (1883). [135] Without multiplying references, I will simply cite Mendel (Archiv f. Psychiatrie, vol. iii, 1871), Mairet (Archives de Neurologie, vol. ix, 1885), and Beaunis (Rech. Expérimentales sur l'Activité Cérébrale, 1887). Richet gives a partial bibliography in the Revue Scientifique, vol. 38, p. 788 (1886). CHAPTER IV.[136] HABIT.