The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
could the idea of movement, that is, of change of position in space
by means of time, arise: such a content can never lie in sensation,
nor come out of it. Our Intellect, antecedently to all experience,
must bear in itself the intuitions of Space and Time, and therewithal
of the possibility of motion, and no less the idea of Causality, to
pass from the empirically given feeling to its cause, and to construct
the latter as a so moving body of the designated shape. For how great
is the abyss between the mere sensation in the hand and the ideas
of causality, materiality, and movement through Space, occurring
in Time! The feeling in the hand, even with different contacts and
positions, is something far too uniform and poor in content for it
to be possible to construct out of _it_ the idea of Space with its
three dimensions, of the action of bodies on each other, with the
properties of extension, impenetrability, cohesion, shape, hardness,
softness, rest, and motion--in short, the foundations of the objective
world. This is only possible through Space, Time, and Causality ...
being preformed in the Intellect itself,... from whence it again
follows that the perception of the external world is essentially an
intellectual process, a work of the Understanding, _to which sensation
furnishes merely the occasion,_ and the data to be interpreted in each
particular case."[264]
I call this view mythological, because I am conscious of no such
Kantian machine-shop in my mind, and feel no call to disparage the
powers of poor sensation in this merciless way. I have no introspective
experience of mentally producing or creating space. My space-intuitions
occur not in two times but in one. There is not one moment of passive
inextensive sensation, succeeded by another of active extensive
perception, but the form I see is as immediately felt as the color
which fills it out. That the higher parts of the mind come in, who can
deny? They add and subtract, they compare and measure, they reproduce
and abstract. They inweave the space-sensations with intellectual
relations; but _these_ relations are the same when they obtain between
the elements of the space-system as when they obtain between any of the
other elements of which the world is made.
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