The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
[153] It is worth while at this point to call attention with some
emphasis to the fact that, though the anatomical condition of the
feeling _resembles_ the feeling itself, such resemblance cannot be
taken by our understanding to explain _why_ the feeling should be
just what it is. We hear it untiringly reiterated by materialists and
spiritualists alike that we can see no possible inward reason why a
certain brain-process should produce the feeling of redness and another
of anger: the one process is no more red than the other is angry, and
the coupling of process and feeling is, as far as our understanding
goes, a juxtaposition pure and simple. But in the matter of _spatial_
feeling, where the retinal patch that produces a triangle in the mind
is itself a triangle, etc., it looks at first sight as if the sensation
might be a direct cognition of its own neural condition. Were this
true, however, our sensation should be one of _multitude_ rather
than of continuous extent; for the condition is _number_ of optical
nerve-termini, and even this is only a remote condition and not an
immediate condition. The immediate condition of the feeling is not the
process in the retina, but the process in the brain; and the process
in the brain may, for aught we know, be as unlike a triangle,--nay,
it probably is so,--as it is unlike redness or rage. It is simply a
_coincidence_ that in the case of space one of the organic conditions,
viz., the triangle impressed on the skin or the retina, should lead
to a representation in the mind of the subject observed similar to
that which it produces in the psychological observer. In no other
kind of case is the coincidence found. Even should we admit that we
cognize triangles in space because of our immediate cognition of the
triangular shape of our excited group of nerve-tips, the matter would
hardly be more transparent, for the mystery would still remain, why
are we so much better cognizant of triangles on our finger-tips than
on the nerve-tips of our back, on our eye than on our ear, and on any
of these parts than in our brain? Thos. Brown very rightly rejects the
notion of explaining the shape of the space perceived by the shape of
the 'nervous expansion affected.' "If this alone were necessary, we
should have square inches and half inches, and various other forms,
rectilinear and curvilinear, of fragrance and sound." (Lectures, XXII.)
[154] Musical tones, e.g., have an order of quality independent either
of their space- or time-order. Music comes from the time-order of the
notes upsetting their quality-order. In general, if _a b c d e f g h
i j k_, etc., stand for an arrangement of feelings in the order of
their quality, they may assume _any_ space-order or time-order, as _d
e f a h g_, etc., and still the order of quality will remain fixed and
unchanged.
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