The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
2) There is between imagined objects and felt objects a difference of
conscious quality which may be called almost absolute. It is hardly
possible to confound the liveliest image of fancy with the weakest
real sensation. The felt object has a plastic reality and outwardness
which the imagined object wholly lacks. Moreover, as Fechner says, in
imagination the attention feels as if drawn backwards to the brain; in
sensation (even of after-images) it is directed forward towards the
sense-organ.[77] The difference between the two processes feels like
one of kind, and not like a mere 'more' or 'less' of the same.[78] If a
sensation of sound were only a strong imagination, and an imagination
a weak sensation, there ought to be a border-line of experience where
we never could tell whether we were hearing a weak sound or imagining
a strong one. In comparing a present sensation felt with a past one
imagined, it will be remembered that we often judge the imagined one
to _have been the stronger_ (see above, Vol. I p. 500, note). This is
inexplicable if the imagination be simply a weaker excitement of the
sensational process.
To these reasons the following objections may be made:
To 1): The current demonstrably _does_ flow backward down the optic
nerve in Meyer's and Féré's negative after-image. Therefore it _can_
flow backward; therefore it _may_ flow backward in some, however
slight, degree, in all imagination.[79]
To 2): The difference alleged is not absolute, and sensation and
imagination _are_ hard to discriminate where the sensation is so weak
as to be just perceptible. At night hearing a very faint striking of
the hour by a far-off clock, our imagination reproduces both rhythm
and sound, and it is often difficult to tell which was the last real
stroke. So of a baby crying in a distant part of the house, we are
uncertain whether we still hear it, or only imagine the sound. Certain
violin-players take advantage of this in diminuendo terminations.
After the pianissimo has been reached they continue to bow as if still
playing, but are careful not to touch the strings. The listener hears
in imagination a degree of sound fainter still than the preceding
pianissimo. This phenomenon is not confined to hearing:
"If we slowly approach our finger to a surface of water, we often
deceive ourselves about the moment in which the wetting occurs. The
apprehensive patient believes himself to feel the knife of the surgeon
whilst it is still at some distance."[80]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account