The principles of science : $b a treatise on logic and scientific methodJevons, William Stanley
Philosophy
The principles of science : $b a treatise on logic and scientific method
Jevons, William Stanley
Logic; Science -- Methodology
The consideration of the facts already given in this chapter will
not produce an adequate notion of the possible variety of existence,
unless we consider the comparative numbers of combinations of different
orders. By a combination of a higher order, I mean a combination of
groups, which are themselves groups. The immense numbers of compounds
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, described in organic chemistry, are
combinations of a second order, for the atoms are groups of groups.
The wave of sound produced by a musical instrument may be regarded as
a combination of motions; the body of sound proceeding from a large
orchestra is therefore a complex aggregate of sounds, each in itself
a complex combination of movements. All literature may be said to be
developed out of the difference of white paper and black ink. From the
unlimited number of marks which might be chosen we select twenty-six
conventional letters. The pronounceable combinations of letters are
probably some trillions in number. Now, as a sentence is a selection
of words, the possible sentences must be inconceivably more numerous
than the words of which it may be composed. A book is a combination
of sentences, and a library is a combination of books. A library,
therefore, may be regarded as a combination of the fifth order, and the
powers of numerical expression would be severely tasked in attempting
to express the number of distinct libraries which might be constructed.
The calculation, of course, would not be possible, because the union
of letters in words, of words in sentences, and of sentences in books,
is governed by conditions so complex as to defy analysis. I wish only
to point out that the infinite variety of literature, existing or
possible, is all developed out of one fundamental difference. Galileo
remarked that all truth is contained in the compass of the alphabet. He
ought to have said that it is all contained in the difference of ink
and paper.
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