The Principles of Stratigraphical GeologyMarr, J. E. (John Edward)
Science
The Principles of Stratigraphical Geology
Marr, J. E. (John Edward)
Geology, Stratigraphic
Turning now to the difference in organisms which results from
difference of station, it will be sufficient to give a quotation from
Woodward's _Manual of the Mollusca_ as an illustration:--"In Europe
the characteristic genera of _rocky_ shores are _Littorina_,
_Patella_, and _Purpura_; of sandy beaches, _Cardium_, _Tellina_,
_Solen_; gravelly shores, _Mytilus_; and on muddy shores, _Lutraria_
and _Pullastra_. On rocky coasts are also found many species of
_Haliotis_, _Siphonaria_, _Fissurella_, and _Trochus_; they occur at
various levels, some only at the high-water line, others in a middle
zone, or at the verge of low-water. _Cypræa_ and _Conus_ shelter under
coral-blocks, and _Cerithium_, _Terebra_, _Natica_ and _Pyramidella_
bury in sand at low-water, but may be found by tracing the marks of
their long burrows (Macgillivray)[37]."
[Footnote 37: Woodward, S. P., _A Manual of the Mollusca_, p. 151.]
The geologist will naturally select sporadic forms rather than endemic
ones in comparing the strata of different areas, but how far
differences in faunas are the result of existence at different times,
and how far they are due to difference of conditions affecting
contemporaneous organisms can only be discovered as the result of
accurate observation. The main points to be regarded when comparing
the successive faunas of different regions have been noticed in this
and the preceding chapters, and it has been shown that as the evidence
is cumulative, it requires the collection of a large number of facts
obtained by observation of the strata before accurate inferences can
be drawn.
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