The Principles of Stratigraphical GeologyMarr, J. E. (John Edward)
Science
The Principles of Stratigraphical Geology
Marr, J. E. (John Edward)
Geology, Stratigraphic
Of rocks whose age is more uncertain, but which are probably of
Precambrian age, those of Charnwood Forest in Leicestershire may first
be noticed. They are largely of pyroclastic origin, and from their
likeness to similar rocks of proved Precambrian age, they are very
probably of this age, as suggested by Messrs Hill and Bonney[59]. A
group of crystalline schists is found in the south of Cornwall,
especially near the Lizard, and similar rocks are found in the Channel
Isles. As their relationship to newer rocks is not clear, little can
be said about them, which has not already been noticed in mentioning
the crystalline schists of other regions[60].
[Footnote 59: Hill and Bonney, _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol.
XXXIII. p. 754, XXXIV. p. 199 and XLVII. p. 78; see also Watts, W. W.,
_Rep. Brit. Assoc._ for 1896, p. 795.]
[Footnote 60: For an account of the Volcanic History of Britain in
Precambrian times, see Sir A. Geikie, Presidential Address to the
Geological Society, _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. XLVII. p. 63.]
The Precambrian rocks of the European continent consist largely of
crystalline schists which in their general aspects recall those of the
north-west Highlands of Scotland. Important masses are found in
Bavaria, Bohemia, France, Spain, Scandinavia and Russia. The
Scandinavian and Russian rocks of Archæan type are in places succeeded
by the _Olenellus_-bearing beds of the Cambrian rocks, and rocks of
Eparchæan character are not extensively developed, though certain
Norwegian rocks may be the equivalents of the Torridonian rocks of
Scotland, and other rocks of this type are found in places in Sweden.
In Bohemia and in Brittany Precambrian strata of Eparchæan type have
been discovered, and this type probably occurs elsewhere in Europe.
The North American rocks require some notice, for it was in Canada
that the existence of Precambrian rocks was first recognised, and the
term Laurentian, originally applied to an Archæan type of Precambrian
rocks in Canada, was subsequently adopted in speaking of many
Precambrian rocks elsewhere, though it is now wisely restricted to the
type of rock in the original area to which the name was first given.
These Laurentian rocks acquired a special, interest on account of the
occurrence in their limestones of a supposed reef-building
foraminifer, _Eozoon canadense_, but detailed study of its structure
and mode of occurrence has convinced most geologists that the
structure is inorganic.
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