Another eccentricity of typography at the end of the century was the introduction of "logography" by John Walter, the proprietor and printer of the _Times_ newspaper, which consisted in casting whole the words in most common use, in place of separate letters. The system had soon to be abandoned, but the early numbers of the _Times_, which was started January 1st, 1785, were printed on it. In the eighteenth century there was a printing establishment for each of the constituted bodies; the King, the Queen, the princes, each had their own. The royal lottery occupied a special printing house. The young inmates of the blind asylum worked under the direction of M. Clousier, royal printer. Louis XVI. authorised the celebrated Haüy, their master, to allow them to print; and in 1786 they composed an essay on the education of the blind. Pierre François Didot was in 1785 printer to the Prince, afterwards Louis XVIII.; and he published the _Aventures de Télémaque_, in two quarto volumes, from this special printing office. The English colonies in North America early established printing there, their first book, the "Book of Psalms," known as the Bay Psalm Book, being dated 1640. By the middle of the eighteenth century literature held a strong position in the colonies, the greater part of it being, as might be expected, English; but the revolution and subsequent establishment of the United States created a national American literature, which has flourished to this day. Among the printers of North America in the eighteenth century, the most famous was the celebrated philosopher Dr. Benjamin Franklin, who served his apprenticeship to the printing press in London. He returned to America in 1726, and worked as a printer with his brother at Philadelphia. [Illustration] CHAPTER VI. THE BOOK IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The Didots and their improvements--The folio Racine--The school of Didot--Fine publications in England and Germany--Literature and art of the Restoration--Romanticism--Wood engraving--Bewick's pupils, Clennell, etc.--The illustrators of romances--The generation of 1840--The Book in our days in Europe and America.