§370. The Frigidarium and Unctorium.--The _frīgidārium_ (_cella frīgidāria_) contained merely the cold plunge bath, unless it was made to do duty for the _apodytērium_, when there would be lockers on the wall for the clothes (at least in a public bath) and benches for the slaves who watched them. Persons who found the bath too cold would resort instead to the open swimming pool in the _palaestra_, which would be warmed by the sun. In one of the public baths at Pompeii a cold bath seems to have been introduced into the _tepidārium_, for the benefit, probably, of invalids who found even the _palaestra_ too cool for comfort. The final process, that of scraping, rubbing, and oiling, was exceedingly important. The bather was often treated twice, before the warm bath and after the cold bath; the first might be omitted, but the second never. The special room, _ūnctōrium_, was furnished with benches and couches. The scrapers and oils were brought by the bathers, usually carried along with the towels for the bath by a slave (_capsārius_). The bather might scrape (_dēstringere_) and oil (_deungere_) himself, or he might receive a regular massage at the hands of a trained slave. It is probable that in the large baths expert operators could be hired, but we have no direct testimony on the subject. When there was no special _ūnctōrium_ the _tepidārium_ or _apodytērium_ was made to do instead. [Illustration: FIGURE 174. BATH AT CAERWENT] §371. A Private Bathhouse.--In Fig. 174 is shown the plan of a private bath in Caerwent, Monmouthshire, England, the ruins of which were discovered in the year 1855. It dates from about the time of Constantine (306-333), and small though it is gives a clear notion of the arrangement of the rooms. The entrance _A_ leads into the _frīgidārium B_, 10'6" x 6'6" in size, with a bath _C_, 10'6" x 3'3". Off this is the _apodytērium D_, 10'6" x 13'3", which has the apse-like end that the _caldārium_ ought to have. Next is the _tepidārium E_, 12' x 12', which contrary to all the rules is the largest instead of the smallest of the four main rooms. Then comes the _caldārium F_, 12' x 7'6", with its _alveus G_, 6' x 3' x 2', but with no sign of its _lābrum_ left, perhaps because the basin was too small to require any special foundation. Finally comes the rare _lacōnicum H_, 8' x 4', built over one end of the furnace _I_, which was in the basement room _KK_. The hot air passed as indicated by the arrows, escaping through openings near the roof in the outside wall of the _apodytērium_. It should be noticed that there was no direct passage from the _caldārium_ to the _frīgidārium_, no special entrance to the _lacōnicum_, and that the _tepidārium_ must have served as the _ūnctōrium_. The dimensions of the bath as a whole are 31 x 34 feet.