called _os resectum_, was buried. A sacrifice of a pig was then made, by which the place of burial was made sacred ground, and food (_silicernium_) was eaten together by the mourners. They then returned to the house which was purified by an offering to the _Larēs_, and the funeral rites were over. §437. After Ceremonies.--With the day of the burial or burning of the remains began the Nine Days of Sorrow, solemnly observed by the immediate family. Some time during this period, when the ashes had had time to dry thoroughly, members of the family went privately to the _ūstrīna_, removed them from the cloth, placed them in an _olla_ (Fig. 204) of earthenware, glass, alabaster, bronze, or other material, and with bare feet and loosened girdles carried them into the _sepulcrum_ (§425). At the end of the nine days the _sacrificium novendiāle_ was offered to the dead and the _cēna novendiālis_ was celebrated at the house. On this day, too, the heirs formally entered upon their inheritance and the funeral games (§344) were originally given. The period of mourning, however, was not concluded on the ninth day. For husband or wife, ascendants, and grown descendants mourning was worn for ten months, the ancient year; for other adult relatives, eight months; for children between the ages of three and ten years, for as many months as they were years old. §438. Memorial Festivals.--The memory of the dead was kept alive by regularly recurring days of obligation of both public and private character. To the former belong the _parentālia_, or _diēs parentālēs_ (§75), lasting from the 13th to the 21st of February, the final day being especially distinguished as the _fērālia_. To the latter belong the annual celebration of the birthday (or the burial-day) of the person commemorated, and the festivals of violets and roses (_violāria_, _rosāria_), about the end of March and May respectively, when violets and roses were distributed among the relatives and laid upon the graves or heaped over the urns. On all these occasions offerings were made in the temples to the gods and at the tombs to the _mānēs_ of the dead, and the lamps were lighted in the tombs (§425), and at the tombs the relatives feasted together and offered food to their dead (§426). [Illustration: FIGURE 205. HADRIAN'S TOMB] INDEX References are to Paragraphs. An asterisk denotes a cut. A ā manū, 391. abacus, reckoning board, 111*; panels in wall decorations, 220; sideboard, 227, 307*. ABBREVIATIONS in names, 41. ab epistolīs, 391. abolla, cloak, 249*. ab ovō ad māla, 308. ACTORS, slave, men only, 324. ad (malam) crucem, 174. ADDITIONAL names, 51. ADDRESS of letters, 392. adfīnēs, blood relations, 26. ADJUSTABLE tables, 227*. adoptiō, see ADOPTION. ADOPTION, two kinds, 29; of a fīlius familiās, 30; of a pater familiās, 30; name given adopted person, 52, 56. adrogātiō, see ADOPTION. adversitōrēs, 152. ADVERTISEMENTS of gladiators, 361*. aediculae, in columbāria, 429*.