[Footnote 87: It is interesting to observe that, since the Washington Conference, the American Administration has used the naval ratio there agreed upon to induce Congress to consent to a larger expenditure on the navy than would otherwise have been sanctioned. Expenditure on the navy is unpopular in America, but by its parade of pacifism the Government has been enabled to extract the necessary money out of the pockets of reluctant taxpayers. See _The Times'_ New York Correspondent's telegram in _The Times_ of April 10, 1922; also April 17 and 22.] [Footnote 88: See Chamberlain, _The Invention of a New Religion_, published by the Rationalist Press Association.] [Footnote 89: See Murdoch, _History of Japan_, I. pp. 500 ff.] [Footnote 90: An excellent account of these is given in _The Socialist and Labour Movement in Japan_, by an American Sociologist, published by the _Japan Chronicle_.] [Footnote 91: Author of a book called _If Japan and America Fight_.] [Footnote 92: The attitude of white labour to that of Asia is illustrated by the following telegram which appeared in _The Times_ for April 5, 1922, from its Melbourne correspondent: "A deputation of shipwrights and allied trades complained to Mr. Hughes, the Prime Minister, that four Commonwealth ships had been repaired at Antwerp instead of in Australia, and that two had been repaired in India by black labour receiving eight annas (8d.) a day. When the deputation reached the black labour allegation Mr. Hughes jumped from his chair and turned on his interviewers with, 'Black labour be damned. Go to blithering blazes. Don't talk to me about black labour.' Hurrying from the room, he pushed his way through the deputation...." I do not generally agree with Mr. Hughes, but on this occasion, deeply as I deplore his language, I find myself in agreement with his sentiments, assuming that the phrase "black labour be damned" is meant to confer a blessing.] CHAPTER XI CHINESE AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION CONTRASTED