The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic StudiesMetchnikoff, Elie
Science
The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies
Metchnikoff, Elie
Aging; Hygiene; Longevity; Older people -- Social conditions
What age can be reached by the human species? Formerly it was supposed
that individuals might live for several centuries; to say nothing
of Methuselah, whose age of 969 years, mentioned in the Bible, is
the result of a mistake in calculation, I may mention Nestor, who,
according to Homer, lived for three human ages, that is to say, 300
years, or Dando, the Illyrian, and the King of the Lacedaemon,
who were supposed to have reached ages of five or six centuries. These
ancient records are, of course, quite incorrect. Much more confidence
can be placed in some facts relating to more modern times, according to
which the extreme old age reached by man was 185 years. Kentigern, the
founder of the Cathedral of Glasgow, known by the name of St. Mungo,
died at the age of 185, on Jan. 5th, 600.[65] Another astonishing case
of longevity is related from Hungary, where an agriculturist, Pierre
Zortay, born in 1539, died in 1724. The Hungarian records of the 18th
century contain other cases of death at ages between 147 and 172 years.
The case of Drakenberg is still more authentic; he was born in Norway
in 1626 and died in 1772, at the age of 146. He was known as the Old
Man of the North. He had been captured by African pirates and was held
by them for fifteen years, and was engaged as a sailor for ninety-one
years. His romantic history attracted contemporary attention, and the
journals of the time (_Gazette de France_, 1764, _Gazette d’Utrecht_,
1767, etc.)[66] contain information regarding him. The well-known
instance of Thomas Parr appears to rest on good authority. Parr was
a poor Shropshire peasant, who did hard work until he was 130 years
old, and who died in London at the age of 152 years and 9 months. The
celebrated Harvey examined the body after death and was unable to
discover organic disease; even the cartilages of the ribs were not
ossified and were elastic as in a young man. The brain, however, was
hard and resisting to the touch, as its blood-vessels were thickened
and dry. Parr was buried in Westminster Abbey.[67]
It appears, then, that human beings may reach the age of 150, but such
cases are certainly extremely rare, and are not known from the records
of the last two centuries. I cannot accept without a good deal of
reserve the statements as to two persons who died in the beginning of
the 19th century at the ages of 142 and 145. On the other hand, cases
of duration of life from 100 to 120 years are not very rare.
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