“In order to show that fed jejunal and ileac epithelium exercise some special detoxicating power, not yet understood but definitely recognizable, Draper fed a control series of dogs with intestinal obstruction, experimentally produced, on emulsified cells of liver, spleen, pancreas and muscle tissue. These animals lived a few hours longer than not-fed controls, but Draper says that it is evident that these cells had either no detoxicating action, or a very feeble one compared with intestinal epithelium. He used jejunal and ileac epithelium clinically in two instances: 1st, In a female dog which had had ‘chronic stomach trouble’ for six months. When Draper saw her she had had complete intestinal obstruction for five days, with symptoms of tachycardia, extreme nervousness and great weakness in the hind legs. Draper removed a pebble from her intestine but her condition was still grave. “She was immediately put on small-intestine epithelium derived from two dogs of different breed. Draper says that from a long experience with duodenally obstructed dogs, he should not have expected her to recover, but the symptoms gradually subsided and she lived. The second instance in which he used the epithelium therapeutically was in the case of a man who suffered from an annular cancer of the intestine with definite symptoms of obstruction. After the operation, and realizing that the patient was in a desperate condition, he fed him an emulsion of intestinal epithelium from a dog. The pulse improved and the patient lived. “Some of Draper’s conclusions are as follows: “‘Autotoxemia in intestinal obstruction undoubtedly arises from an interference with cellular reactions of the intestinal epithelium.... When small-intestine epithelial cells of healthy animals are _placed in the stomach_[106] of duodenally obstructed animals, such animals have lived nearly twice as long as not-fed controlled animals. This evidence is strongly opposed to the bacterial theory of origin of toxins.’ “The point to be emphasized is this: If this emulsion of intestinal epithelium had been fed to a normal dog and a normal man, what would have happened? Absolutely nothing. On the other hand, given as it was to a dog and a man in desperate need it exercised a potent effect. “Abundant clinical testimony can be cited in support of the opinions of Moore, Edie and Abram, Hallion, Marfan and Draper as to the value of extracts of the intestinal mucosa given by mouth in pathological conditions. We have previously cited the published favorable opinions of such gastroenterologists as Anthony Bassler, Lewis Brinton, G. R. Lockwood, and R. C. Kemp, so there is no need to recapitulate their experiences with what they honestly believed to be secretin-bearing extracts, but which were essentially extracts of the duodenal mucosa. “Supplementing the evidence of these men as to the value of these extracts we submit an excerpt from a letter from one of the best known physicians of Edinburgh: