_Flamen, item dumvir, quaestor pagiq[ue] magister Verus ad Augustum legato_ (sic) _munere functus pro novem optinuit populis seiungere Gallos: urbe redux Genio pagi hanc dedicat aram._ The oldest trace of the administrative separation of Iberian Aquitania from the Gallic is the naming of the "district of Lactora" (Lectoure) alongside of Aquitania in an inscription from Trajan's time (_C. I. L._ v. 875: _procurator provinciarum Luguduniensis et Aquitanicae, item Lactorae_). This inscription certainly of itself proves the diversity of the two territories rather than the formal severance of the one from the other; but it may be otherwise shown that soon after Trajan the latter was carried out. For the fact that the separated district was originally divided into nine cantons, as these verses say, is confirmed by the name that thenceforth continued in use, _Novempopulana_; but under Pius the district numbers already eleven communities (for the _dilectator per Aquitanicae XI populos_, Boissieu, _Lyon_, p. 246, certainly belongs to this connection), in the fifth century twelve, for the _Notitia_ enumerates so many under the Novempopulana. This increase is to be explained similarly to that discussed at p. 95, note 2. The division does not relate to the governorship; on the contrary, both the Celtic and the Iberian Aquitania remained under the same legate. But the Novempopulana obtained under Trajan its own diet, while the Celtic districts of Aquitania, after as before, sent deputies to the diet of Lyons.] [51: There are wanting some smaller Germanic tribes, such as the Baetasii and the Sunuci, perhaps for similar reasons with those of the minor Iberian; and further, the Cannenefates and the Frisians, probably because it was not till later that these became subjects of the empire. The Batavi were represented.] [52: Thus there was found in Nemausus a votive inscription written in the Celtic language, erected Ματρεβο Ναμαυσικαβο (_C. I. L._ xi. p. 383), _i.e._, to the Mothers of the place.] [53: For example, we read on an altar-stone found in Néris-les-Bains, (Allier; Desjardins, _Géographie de la Gaule romaine_, ii. 476); _Bratronos Nantonicn Epadatextorici Leucullo Suio rebelocitoi_. On another, which the Paris mariners' guild under Tiberius erected to Jupiter the highest and best (Mowat; _Bull. épig. de la Gaule_, p. 25f.) the main inscription is Latin, but on the reliefs of the lateral surfaces, which appear to represent a procession of nine armed priests, there stand explanatory words appended: _Senani Useiloni ..._ and _Eurises_, which are not Latin. Such a mixture is also met with elsewhere, _e.g._, in an inscription of Arrènes (Creuse, _Bull. épig. de la Gaule_, i. 38); _Sacer Peroco ieuru_ (probably = _fecit_) _Duorico v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)._] [54: The posting-books and itineraries do not fail to remark at Lyons and Toulouse that here the _leugae_ begin.]