[9] F. M. Davenport, _Primitive Traits in Religious Revivals_, Macmillan (1905), p. 36; quoted from the Fourteenth Annual Report of the [Amer.] Bureau of Ethnology, p. 761. [10] E. M. Curr, _The Australian Race_, iii. p. 547, as quoted by Frazer, _The Golden Bough_, 2nd ed., i. p. 13. [11] A. W. Howitt, _The Native Races of South-East Australia_ (1904), p. 373. [12] _Principles of Sociology_ (3rd edition, 1885), i. Appendix A, p. 788. [13] _The Descent of Man_, 2nd ed., i. p. 145. [14] _Nature_, xvii. (1877-78), pp. 168-169. Comp. Lloyd Morgan, _Introd. to Comparative Psychology_, p. 92 ff. [15] A Study in Fears, _Am. Jour. of Psy._ (1897), viii. p. 166. [16] Lord Avebury, _On the Origin of Civilisation_ (3rd edition, 1875), p. 212. [17] _The Native Tribes of South-East Australia_, pp. 500, 506-508. [18] Hang a root of vervain around the neck in order to cause the disappearance of a tumour: as the plant dries up, so will the tumour. If the fish do not appear in due season, make one of wood and put it into the water. Keep the arrow that has wounded a friend in a cool place that the wound may not become inflamed. [19] _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xiii. (1884), p. 456, quoted by Frazer. [20] Dr. R. H. Codrington, _The Melanesians_ (Clarendon Press, 1891), p. 191. [21] 'Études de mythologie et d'archéologie égyptiennes' (Paris, 1903), _Bibliothèque Égyptologique_, ii. p. 298. [22] Foucart, 'Recherches sur la Nature des Mystères d'Eleusis,' _Mémoires de l'Institut_, xxxv. 2nd part, pp. 31-32. Comp. Maspero, _ibid._, p. 303. [23] 'The Beginnings of Religion,' _Fortn. Rev._, lxxxiv. (1905), p. 162. Comp. _The Golden Bough_, 2nd ed., i. pp. 71-73. [24] _The Golden Bough_, 2nd ed., i. p. 70. Oldenburg (_Die Religion des Veda_, Berlin, 1894) was first, I believe, in holding to a pre-religious magical stage of culture. But it is Frazer who first made a clear separation, not only between Magic and Religion, but also between Magic and belief in spirit-agents. [25] Comp. R. R. Marett, 'From Spell to Prayer,' _Folk-Lore_, xv. (1904), pp. 136-141. [26] The latest classification is probably that of Frazer in _Lectures on the Early History of the Kingship_ (Macmillan, 1905), p. 54. A. van Gennep, in a review of that book in the _Revue de l'Histoire des Religions_, liii. pp. 396-401, offers a somewhat different classification. [27] I use 'animism' in the sense which Tylor gave it, _i.e._ a belief in the animation of all things by beings similar to the 'souls' or 'ghosts' revealed to the savage by dreams and other natural experiences. [28] The interested reader will find a summary of observations on this topic in Alex. F. Chamberlain's _The Child_ (The Contemporary _Science Series_, 1900), pp. 147-148. See also Sully, _Studies of Childhood_, p. 82. [29] See, for instance, many of the prohibitions included in the initiation ceremonies of the Australians in Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, chapters vii-ix.