FEELING OF OWNERSHIP PROVIDED FOR.--It may seem at first glance that the instinct of ownership is neglected, and becomes stunted, under Scientific Management, in that all tools become more or less standardized, and the man is discouraged from having tools peculiar in shape, or size, for whose use he has no warrant except long time of use. Careful consideration shows that Scientific Management provides two opportunities for the worker to conserve his instinct for ownership,-- 1. During working hours, where the recognition of his personality allows the worker to identify himself with his work, and where his cooeperation with the management makes him identified with its activities. 2. Outside the work. He has, under Scientific Management, more hours away from work to enjoy ownership, and more money with which to acquire those things that he desires to own. The teacher must make clear to him both these opportunities, as he readily can, since the instinct of ownership is conserved in him in an identical manner. CONSTRUCTIVENESS A PART OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.--Every act that the worker performs is constructive, because waste has been eliminated, and everything that is done is upbuilding. Teaching makes this clear to the worker. Constructiveness is also utilized in that exercise of initiative is provided for. Thus the instinct, instead of being weakened, is strengthened and directed. PROGRESS IN UTILIZING INSTINCTS DEMANDS PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY.--Teaching under Scientific Management can never hope fully to understand and utilize native reactions, until more assistance has been given by psychology. At the present time, Scientific Management labors under disadvantages that must, ultimately, be removed. Psychologists must, by experiments, determine more accurately the reactions and their controlability. More thorough study must be made of children that Scientific Management may understand more of the nature of the reactions of the young workers who come for industrial training. Psychology must give its help in this training. Then only, can teaching under Scientific Management become truly efficient. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT REALIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING THE WILL.--The most necessary, and most complex and difficult part of Scientific Management, is the training of the will of all members of the organization. Prof. Read states in his "Psychology" five means of training or influencing the will. These are[59]