The Psychology of the EmotionsRibot, Th. (Théodule)
Science
The Psychology of the Emotions
Ribot, Th. (Théodule)
Emotions
Mystic, platonic, or intellectual love (there is no advantage in
distinguishing the exact shades expressed by these various epithets)
is, as we have seen, an abortive form of sexual love. Predominance
of the intellectual element, the conceived ideal; weakening of the
physiological and emotional manifestations and the organic erethism,
of the tendency to movements of contact and embrace, and everything
which constitutes emotion in its plenitude: such are its
characteristics. Here, more than elsewhere, the term “arrest of
development” is strictly accurate, because mystical love results,
not from a voluntary inhibition which mutilates or checks emotion,
but from an impotence on the part of emotion to develop its complete
form.
Experience furnishes the counterproof: let the antagonistic action
of reflection, or of the intellectual state—whatever it may
be—cease, and hatred will once more become anger, resignation grief,
or despair; mystical will change to sexual love, and the primitive
form reappears under the ruins of the derivative.
To sum up, all the emotions of this group whose genesis depends on
an arrest of development are reducible to a single formula:
_intellectualised emotions_, because the intellectual element
becomes dominant. We might also call them _attenuated_ emotions,
because they tend towards emotional weakening. The two contrary and
reciprocally dependent tendencies peculiar to this group, determine,
not a medium emotion, but a new form which, relatively to the
primary emotion, and to the general quantity of emotional life, is a
_loss_.
III.
Transformation _by composition_ is a general term including two
different cases: mixture and combination. This process consists of
additions, and can be thus formulated: When two or more intellectual
states coexist, each having its own peculiar emotional colouring,
there arises a complete emotional state; in other words,
intellectual complexity involves emotional complexity. If we compare
the primary emotions to the simplest perceptions of sight and
hearing, the complex emotions will correspond to the perception of
an extensive landscape or a symphony. It is thus formed by the
addition or fusion of binary, tertiary, quaternary compounds, and so
on, these terms implying the number of simple emotions which compose
them. The composition may be brought about in two ways, which we
shall distinguish by calling them respectively mixture and
combination, in the sense in which these words are employed by
writers on chemistry.
I. _Composition by mixture._—In the emotions derived from this
mental procedure, the constituent elements can be recovered from the
compound; they embrace without interpenetrating one another, and a
psychological analysis conducted with sufficient thoroughness is
able to determine and enumerate them. For greater clearness, I
distinguish two cases in the mixture of feelings.
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