In the purely technical subjects, the instruction is partly theoretic and partly practical. The students are set to work, under expert supervision, cataloguing sections of a library; they classify masses of books, and perform upon them various routine processes; they are given mediæval English, Latin, and Norman-French documents to decipher and translate, mediæval manuscripts to catalogue and calendar. They watch bookbinding demonstrations, and are shown, not only how a book is bound well, but also how the job is done in a shoddy way by dishonest binders. Skins of the finest quality and other bookbinding materials are hanging up in the school, and all sorts of library apparatus and equipment are on exhibition. During the long vacation the students are expected to work as voluntary assistants in libraries of the most modern type, and no opportunity for practical experience or for seeing things actually being done is neglected. Lectures on such phases of the prescribed subjects as library architecture, rural library systems, library work with children, technical and commercial libraries, and library extension, are continually being given by special authorities not on the regular staff. The student who is not a graduate must pass examinations in all the ten subjects set out above, before he can receive the diploma; the graduate may be exempted from the first three. Those candidates who have not held salaried offices in approved libraries do not receive the Diploma until they have done at least one year’s work in such capacity. It is apparent, then, that the course is partly general and partly technical; and, whether the entrant is a graduate or not, there is no escaping the basic requirement, a good general education, or the other essential, practical experience. America had library schools thirty years before Great Britain; there are now eighteen library schools in the United States, several requiring a college degree before admission, some qualifying their alumni for a degree in library science. Other agencies for training librarians are apprentice classes and summer schools; and the training these last provide is more continuous and thorough than is afforded by the same kind of institution in this country. Certain general colleges, also, hold courses in bibliography, palæography, and kindred subjects, useful not only to the librarian but also to the research student. Germany, Italy, and Sweden preceded us in the establishment of library schools, the first-named in 1861. France exacted technical qualifications from candidates for university libraries in 1879. Holland has a library school, and 1920 saw one started in Czechoslovakia. All these are Government or university foundations. If our libraries become a national concern, training in librarianship will necessarily be an affair for the community to regulate and finance.