*Tiffany’s bate*, which is used in America, is composed of glucose and glue, and bates of this composition are also in use in England. As an example, 10 lb. glucose and 1/2 lb. of glue dissolved in 1000 gallons water, at a temperature of 75° F., and allowed to ferment for a few hours, may be used for the bating of bellies, and if used in a paddle or latticed drum will bring them “down” very rapidly. Davis[136] gives a list of twenty-nine patents for bating issued by the U.S.A. Government from 1790 to 1883 inclusive. I do not know whether any of these are in use at the present day. [136] The Manufacture of Leather, Philadelphia, 1885. *Erodin.*--Since the publication of the authors researches on the constitution and mode of action of the dung bate, renewed attention has been given to the construction of bates, or puers, having an identical action. One of these has been worked out by Professor Dr. H. Becker, of Frankfort o/M, in conjunction with the author under the name of Erodin (Latin, _erodere_, the equivalent of the German _beizen_--to bate). As this was the first artificial bate in which a pure culture of bacteria has been applied to the treatment of skins, I propose to describe it in some detail. Erodin[137] consists essentially of a nutrient material in the form of powder and of a pure culture of _B. erodiens_ which is added to the powder mixed in a definite quantity of warm water (40° C.). On the average about 10 grm. of this material is sufficient to bate one kilo of wet prepared skin. [137] At the third Conference of the I.A.L.T.C., held in Copenhagen Aug., 1899, F. Kathreiner (Worms) brought forward communications from Wood (Nottingham) and Dr. Becker (Frankfort-on-Main) on artificial bates, from which it is shown by experiments and trials on a large scale at the works of Messrs. Doerr and Reinhart that both these gentlemen had worked out similar processes quite independently. Wiss. Techn. Beilage des Ledermarkt, 1899–1900, p. 8. Bemerkungen über die Wirkung der Kothbeizen, J. T. Wood. Idem, p. 43. Popp and Becker’s und Wood’s Ersatzmittel für Köthbeizen. Franz Kathreiner. Idem, p. 50. Einiges über die Anwendung von Erodin einem Ersatzmittel für Hundekoth u. dergl. in der Leder industrie. Bericht von Dr. H. Becker, Frankfort-on-Main. Wiss. Techn. Beilage des Ledermarkt. Bd. i., p. 39. Further particulars about the bate and its construction will be found in Chapter VIII. In practice it is found that this material acts far more energetically on the skins when living bacteria are present in the liquid; we suppose that they penetrate the skin and form their products in the intercellular spaces. It was found that, in the evaporation of the cultures to dryness, the bacteria were mostly killed or so far reduced in activity, that on preparing the bate after a certain lapse of time it was liable to become infected by foreign organisms.