The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts, July-December, 1827Various
Science
The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts, July-December, 1827
Various
Arts -- Periodicals; Science -- Periodicals; Technology -- Periodicals
As Berzelius found 100 parts of fluor spar, when acted upon by
sulphuric acid, to yield 175 parts of sulphate of lime, equal to
73.553 parts of lime, or 52.819 of calcium, it follows that 100
parts of fluoride of calcium should contain 47.181 of fluorine and
52.819 of calcium. By the assistance of this result, and further
experiments, M. Kuhlman proceeded to ascertain the composition of
hydro-fluoric acid. Dry muriatic acid gas was passed over calcined
fluor spar heated to redness in a tube of platina; the fluoride of
calcium was decomposed, free hydro-fluoric acid was evolved, and
chloride of lime remained in the tube. The hydro-fluoric acid acted
upon the glass tubes, but being received in water was entirely
dissolved, with the exception of the silica it had separated from
the glass: no trace of hydrogen appeared. One hundred parts of
fluoride of calcium thus treated became 143.417 parts of chloride of
calcium, the 52.819 parts of calcium having united to 90.598 parts of
chlorine. But this latter quantity must have liberated 2.511 parts of
hydrogen, which must, therefore, have combined with the 47.181 parts
of fluorine in the spar, to form 49.692 parts of hydro-fluoric acid.
This latter body, therefore, consists of 94.941 fluorine, and 5.059
of hydrogen per cent. A small quantity of chlorine was set at liberty
during the experiment, the author thinks, from a little manganese in
the fluor spar.
M. Kuhlman found that all the chlorides, when subjected to the action
of anhydrous sulphuric acid in vapour, resisted decomposition, except
the chloride of sodium, which gave a small quantity of sulphate of
soda, and a double salt of soda and platina, crystallizing in fine
needles of a yellow colour. No doubt is entertained that, in the
latter case, the common salt and sulphuric acid were not perfectly
dry.—_Bull. Univ._
14. _Crystallization of Phosphorous_.—By the fusion and careful
refrigeration of a large quantity of phosphorus, M. Frantween has
obtained very fine crystals of an octoedral form, and as large in
size as a cherry-stone.
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