_Stocks and Their Influence._--The old stock has a decided influence on the scion and the new vine. Which stock is the best on which to graft the Muscat has not yet been determined, but we may presume that any strong and healthy growing variety will answer our purpose. During the first year, and also during the second year, in many instances the new vine assumes a character half way between that of an old-stock variety and that of the variety of the scions. Thus I have seen Muscats grafted on Sultanas and Zinfandels which were almost identical with these varieties. If I had not positively known that they were the tops produced from Muscat scions, I would never have believed them to be anything else than suckers from the old stocks. The leaves, berries and branches of these Muscats were the first year exactly like Sultanas. The berries of those grafted on black grapes were, however, in this instance, not black but white, but I have heard of other instances in which they were partially colored. Some vines, again, showed characteristics of both varieties, the leaves generally being similar to the old stock, while the grapes showed the characteristics of the Muscats. This bastardity, however, wears off in a year or two, and finally the vine assumes the full characteristics of the scion variety. When this takes place it is evident that the sap of the scion or the top of the vine has either changed the root, or through its quantity overpowered the effects of the root-sap. Muscats grafted on Malagas, Feher Szagos, Sultanas and Zinfandels all do well in time, and in many instances bear even better than Muscats on their own roots. Our experience in grafting the Muscat is, however, limited, and we do not know with any certainty which roots are the most favorable or the most unfavorable on which to graft the Muscat grape. I have seen grafted Muscats on wine stocks which did not do well as regards bearing, while the growth of the vines was rather vigorous. These varieties mentioned above are, however, suitable stocks for Muscat grafts. I learn from Mr. R. C. Kells of Yuba City that the late Dr. S. R. Chandler of the same locality cleared the third year seventy-five dollars per acre from Muscats grafted on Mission vines. This must be considered as very successful, especially as I have heard of other instances where similar grafts did not bear sufficiently the third year to pay for the labor of caring for the vineyard work that year. VARIOUS SUMMER WORK. _Sulphuring._--Sulphuring the vines is now considered a most necessary operation, and without doing it well and in time no good crops can be relied upon. It is true that good crops of grapes are sometimes had without sulphuring, but this is only due to chance; the absence of mildew, and immunity from disease of unsulphured vines are rare, even in otherwise most perfectly kept vineyards.