_Plows._--Of plows, heavy double plows for two horses are used for plowing in the center between the rows, and smaller plows for plowing closer to the vines. As these can be had everywhere, and as every grower has his own preferences, no description of them is required. _Cultivators._--These are indispensable in the vineyard, and various models are in use. The common, diamond-shovel cultivator for both one and two horses is indispensable in every vineyard. The larger one of these may be greatly improved by affixing to the posterior shovels a cutter-bar, which should stand horizontal and on a level with the center of the posterior shovels. _Randel Disc Cultivators._--These are useful in ground that has baked before the lately planted cuttings have begun to bud. They seldom cut or injure any of the cuttings, and the whole field may be gone over regardless of rows or cuttings. _The Ash Trough._--The ash trough consists of a long trough on wheels, all made of galvanized iron, and furnished with numerous perforated holes. It is drawn by two or more horses through the vineyard, and the cuttings are burned in it as it goes along, and the ashes are scattered over the soil. As yet this trough is only used in a few of the largest vineyards, but when perfected will be useful everywhere, as by its aid the ashes may be saved for the vines instead of being wasted as is now so often the case. _Sulphuring Cans or Bellows._--These are of various shapes and patterns. The cans have been superseded by the simple little burlap bag, which does the same or better work. The bellows are similar to common bellows, but are furnished with a distributing nozzle and with an air opening through which the sulphur can be poured. _The Cutter-sled._--This is simply a sled four feet long by two and a half feet wide or more, under which has been fixed a horizontal bar of iron in the shape of a shallow U. It is used in the vineyard after the plowing and cultivation is finished, and when it is of importance to kill the few remaining weeds. The driver stands on the sled, which is pulled by one or two horses. It cuts all the weeds below the soil, and is a most effective and useful tool. _Vineyard Trucks._--These useful trucks are California inventions, and of the greatest importance to the grower. They are now made of various sizes, but should never be over four feet wide, while three feet is even better, and their length should not exceed six feet. They are made to turn readily anywhere by having the front wheels or wheel movable, independently of the balance of the truck. By the aid of these trucks the grower can use horse labor in distributing his boxes and trays in the vineyard, even where the vines are planted so close that ordinary wagons cannot pass. The vineyard truck is now used in all Fresno vineyards, and is considered almost indispensable. The first truck ever made for this purpose was designed and invented by J. T. Goodman of Fresno.