The Raisin Industry: A practical treatise on the raisin grapes, their history, culture and curingEisen, Gustavus A.
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The Raisin Industry: A practical treatise on the raisin grapes, their history, culture and curing
Eisen, Gustavus A.
Raisins; Viticulture -- California
A tray two by three feet may be made to comfortably hold from eighteen
to twenty pounds of grapes. The first crop should be placed pretty close
on the trays, not allowing any part of the tray to be visible, as the
reflected heat will be too great and may injure the raisins. The second
crop should be packed less close, as the reflected heat from the
surface of the tray will help to dry the grapes. This of course only
refers to localities where the temperature during the first drying is
very high. The warmer it is the closer should the bunches be packed on
the trays, and on the contrary when later on in the season, or when the
drying weather is unfavorable, plenty of space should be given the
grapes. It is often said that grapes, to make good raisins, should not
only dry, but cure. There is much truth in this. Good raisins should dry
and cure at the same time, by which is meant that a chemical process is
taking place, which is something else than the mere evaporation of the
water in the grape. The heat necessary and favorable for drying the
grapes is different in different localities. At certain temperatures the
raisins will get cooked and spoil, assume a red color, lose their
sweetness, become sour and hard, and covered with large, sharply defined
corrugations,--signs of a very inferior or even entirely worthless
raisin. In Riverside the grapes are said to cook at from 98 to 100
degrees Fahrenheit in the shade. In Fresno the grapes dry and cure well
up to a temperature of 105 degrees, and in El Cajon they do not spoil
until 103 degrees are reached. I would think that from 90 to 103 degrees
in the shade would be the best temperature for drying perfectly ripe and
sweet Muscat grapes. When the grapes are very ripe, a much higher
temperature will not injure them, while unripe and sour grapes,
especially of the second crop, will burn or cook at a lower temperature
than would be the proper one for ripe grapes.
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