The Raisin Industry: A practical treatise on the raisin grapes, their history, culture and curingEisen, Gustavus A.
History
The Raisin Industry: A practical treatise on the raisin grapes, their history, culture and curing
Eisen, Gustavus A.
Raisins; Viticulture -- California
_The Crop._--The Muscat grapes begin to ripen in Riverside later than in
the San Joaquin valley, and picking commences between the 10th and the
30th of September. Highlands is said to be two weeks later than
Riverside. The first crop is ready to turn in two weeks, and is ready
for the sweatbox in three weeks’ time. For drying, trays are used, and
about twenty pounds are placed on each tray. These trays are all made of
pine or fir. Redwood has been found unsuitable, as imparting both a
color and a taste to the raisins if accidentally wet by early showers
in the fall. Size of trays, two by three feet, with a cleat nailed at
the short ends, but none at the long ends of the trays. Sweatboxes
receive the raisins when they leave the trays. Formerly the sweatboxes
were much larger and deeper than now, eight or even twelve inches in
depth not being unknown. Of late sweatboxes are made two by three feet,
or of the exact size of the trays, and not over six inches in depth. A
greater depth makes the boxes too heavy to handle, and also causes the
bunches to break. The packing of the raisins in Riverside and in the
Southern California raisin districts generally is done by the method
known as “top up.” That is, the first raisins are placed in the bottom
of the box and successive layers are placed on top, until finally the
top layer is put on the last. The lever press for the compression of the
layers is a Riverside invention. A modification of this press is now in
use in nearly all districts where the “top-up” method of packing is
practiced. The brands packed are as follows: Three Crown London Layers,
Two Crown London Layers, Three Crown Loose Muscatels, Two Crown Loose
Muscatels, and Muscatels in sixty-pound sacks; also Seedless Muscatels
in sacks of sixty and thirty pounds respectively. Cotton sacks are
commonly used for the two latter brands. The brands are apt to vary from
year to year, according to the fancy or ideas of the packers, new ones
of which are in the field every year. Only those who both produce and
pack have anything like established brands. The prices paid for raisins
in sweatboxes have varied in different years. In 1887 and 1888, the
price was from four and one-half to five cents per pound. In 1889, the
price rose to five and five and three-fourths cents, and in one or two
instances six cents were paid.
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