From three to four sulphurings were used every year with a week between each. Sulphuring for the colure or dropping of grapes was not known; in fact I am informed that this colure was seldom known. Besides mildew, there are few enemies to the vine here. Grasshoppers, leaf-hoppers and grape moths have never been known to molest the vines. When the late vine-plague struck the country the vineyardists were entirely unused to fight any enemy of the vines besides the oidium. Sunscald of the berries was not known. _The Crop and its Curing._--The grapes begin to ripen in the end of August, say about the twenty-fifth, on the gravelly soil, but on the cooler and richer bottom land very much later, or about the middle of September. The harvest then begins; the grapes are picked on trays two and a half by three feet and placed to dry in the sun; the drying takes two or three weeks or more, and is accomplished with some difficulty. Two years the grapes had to be carried out to the Mojave desert, to be dried there. The trays are placed among the vines in such a way that the trays from three rows are placed in one. To protect them from the fog and dew, they are covered with canvas. This is done in two ways. One way is to put small pegs on one side of the trays. The long canvas is furnished at intervals with rings, which are slipped over the pegs and thus held steady on one side. In the daytime the other end of the canvas is simply thrown back over the pegs; in the night-time the canvas is again turned over the trays, resting directly on the grapes. The other and better way is to run three wires along the row of trays, one on each side of the trays. The canvas is furnished with rings on each long side, which are made to run on the wire. The center wire is run a little higher up, and here and there simply supported by posts. It takes comparatively little time every evening to run the canvas along the wires and cover the trays. The expense is considerable, both in furnishing and preparing the canvas, and in maintaining and operating it. The peculiar climatic conditions of the district, however, necessitate some such contrivance for the drying of the grapes. The vines seldom bear a second crop of any importance. Sometimes in October the district is visited by a warm and dry desert wind called the Santa Ana wind. It comes from the cañon of the Santa Ana river, and originates, no doubt, in the Mojave desert, and rising high up in the air is again precipitated over the hills on the lowlands towards the ocean. This Santa Ana wind is always welcome. It hastens the drying of the grapes just as the _Terral_ or land winds from the plains of La Mancha hasten the drying of the grapes of Malaga in Spain.