The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and TechnologyLevy, Stanley Isaac
Science
The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and Technology
Levy, Stanley Isaac
Rare earths
The _fluoride_, TiF₃, has been obtained as an insoluble violet powder by
reduction of potassium titanofluoride, K₂TiF₆, with hydrogen. From a
solution it may be obtained by reduction of the same salt with zinc and
hydrochloric acid, or sodium amalgam. It forms complex salts with alkali
or ammonium fluoride, of which the compound (NH₄)₃TiF₆ is an example;
this salt appears to be isomorphous with the analogous compounds,
(NH₄)₃VF₆, (NH₄)₃CrF₆, and (NH₄)₃FeF₆. By autoxidation in the air, the
solutions form fluoroxypertitanates. The complex salts appear to exist
in two forms, a violet insoluble form and a green soluble modification.
The _chloride_, TiCl₃, is obtained anhydrous by reduction of the
tetrachloride--mercury, silver, and hydrogen being the most suitable
agents. Heated in hydrogen, it breaks up, forming the tetrachloride and
the dichloride; heated in air it burns, evolving the tetrachloride and
leaving a residue of dioxide. In solution, in combination with alkali
chlorides, and as the solid hydrate, it exists in the green and violet
forms. Concentrated aqueous solutions deposit the violet hexahydrate,
TiCl₃,6H₂O. If such a solution be covered with ether, and saturated at
0° with hydrogen chloride, the green modification is formed, and may be
extracted by the ether; it is stable only in the presence of
hydrochloric acid. In the violet form, all the chlorine is in the ionic
condition, and can be removed by silver nitrate; similar determinations
have not been made with the green form, but it is most probable, as in
the case of the analogous chromic salts, that only part of the chlorine
content can be removed by silver nitrate. Böck and Moser[451] have
recently described a brown substance, obtained by the action of the
silent electric discharge on a mixture of hydrogen and the vapour of
titanium tetrachloride at the ordinary temperature, which they believe
to be a monotropic modification of the ordinary violet trichloride; the
change of this brown form to the violet form is irreversible.
[451] _Monats._ 1912, ~33~, 971; 1913, ~34~, 1825.
The _bromide_ and _iodide_ resemble the chloride, but are very unstable.
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