These princes of the church were also in the habit of leaving princely private fortunes to their relatives. Many Polish aristocratic families, like the Oleśnickis, the Myszkowskis, the Rytwianskis, the Górkas, and the Łaskis, owed their great wealth and power to having been left large fortunes by some of their ancestors who had occupied high offices in the church.[311] Cardinal Zbigniew Oleśnicki and Peter Myszkowski, both bishops of Cracow at different times, were notable examples in this particular. Peter Myszkowski, born in 1505 and educated abroad at Padua, on his return home received a large number of benefices, the canonries of Cracow and Gniezno, the prebendaries of Gniezno, Płock, Łęczyca, and Poznań, and the deanery of Cracow, so that he was called “the prebendary of the whole of Poland.” In 1563 he was appointed under-secretary of state, and at the same time coadjutor of the bishop of Płock. In 1568 he became bishop of Płock and in 1577 bishop of Cracow. In the last named office he remained for fourteen years until his death in 1591. He left his nephews a private fortune of 8,000,000 Polish florins, besides large landed estates purchased from the Oleśnickis.[312] One of his successors in office, Andrew Lipski, dying in 1630 as bishop of Cracow, left a private fortune of 900,000 ducats, not counting any real estate property. John Kuczborski, bishop of Chełm, left in 1623 in cash alone 500,000 ducats. In this connection let us recall that the bishop of Chełm was regarded as the poorest of the Polish bishops, and held up as an example of poverty. Karaffa, bishop of Płock, on his death in 1615, left his brother 7,000,000 thalers.[313] These legacies bespeak the handsome incomes of the Polish high church dignitaries.