Books -- History -- 400-1450; Manuscripts; Paleography
The story as inscribed thereon,
being deciphered by Professor Hilprecht, not only tallies with the
Bible record but adds minute details and clarifies in some particulars
the inspired narrative contained in Genesis.[65] The newspapers of the
time of this "find" contain this account of the difficulty in the way
of the tablet's decipherment: "Because of its long period in the earth
the tablet was incrusted with crystals of nitre, which filled up the
characters of the ancient text. Besides, the clay was in a state of
decomposition and exceedingly difficult to handle without destroying
the tablet and losing the precious writing on it. For weeks Professor
Hilprecht worked several hours a day to remove the crystals and to put
the tablet into a state in which it could be deciphered. Then he set
about the work of translating the writing."
The chief library of ancient Assyria--and the one of which we have
the most definite knowledge--was that of _Assur-bani-pal_ at Nineveh.
This distinguished king of Assyria, successor of Sargon, Sennacherib,
and Esar-haddon, and the conqueror of Babylon, greatly enlarged the
library of which his predecessors had made beginnings, bringing into
it the plundered books of Babylonia and otherwise greatly developing
its resources. The date of this library at Nineveh is fixed at about
670 B. C., and is accredited to have contained in its archives more
than thirty thousand tablets and a large collection of hexagonal and
octagonal cylinders, seals, and other valuable archæological treasures,
including clay sarcophagi. Assur-bani-pal sent his scribes to copy the
vocabularies of foreigners wherever accessible and added thus to the
treasures of his library by the extensive transcription of tablets and
cylinders. Professor Sayce tells us that "a whole army of scribes
were employed in it, busily engaged in writing and editing old texts."
In the library, too, the study of the Accadian tongue was revived
and the language and literature of the primitive progenitors of the
Assyrio-Babylonians was written, not only with Babylonian translations
but also with their Assyrian equivalents. Sir Henry Layard, as long ago
as in 1850, in the course of his explorations unearthed on the site of
this old library more than twenty thousand clay tablets, which were
brought, later, to the British Museum. It was estimated that as many
more tablets remained as had been carried away. These tablets vary in
dimensions, the largest measuring from nine inches by six and a half
while the smallest in some cases are not more than an inch long and
with but one or two lines of writing on them. These tablets are covered
over with cuneiform characters. These characters are so small on some
of the cylinders and tablets that, according to Professor George
Rawlinson, five or six lines have been traced within the space of an
inch. The delicate character of the writing on some of the tablets has
led some of the archæologists to conclude that the inscriptions thereon
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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