We have come back from our far-journeying to our starting point, the invention of printing, and perhaps cannot more fitly conclude this discussion than in the words of Lord Macaulay in his tribute to that great patron of learning after the "Dark Ages," Pope Nicholas V.: "By him was founded the Vatican Library, then and long after, the most precious and the most extensive collection of books in the world. By him, were carefully preserved the most valuable treasures which had been snatched from the ruins of the Byzantine Empire. His agents were to be found everywhere--in the bazaars of the farthest East, in the monasteries of the farthest West--purchasing or copying worm-eaten parchments, on which were traced words worthy of immortality." INDEX Abbeys--centers of monasticism, 128, 155-157, 167. (See Monasticism.) Accadians--writing and literature of, 99, 100; language of, 92, 136. "Accents"--absent in early Greek literature, 124. Achievements--two conspicuous, of last century, 94, 98-104. Alphabetic writing--origin of, 91, 92, 104, 105, 110, 111; occasion for, 104-106; earliest document in, 110; Phœnician development, 105-107; the undeciphered Cretan, 100, 105, 106-108; cosmopolitan, 116. Alexandrian--manuscript ("A"), 64, 65; number of columns to page, 64, 65; depository of, 64; Library and Museum, 127, 137-141. Alexandria--strategic location, 115, 137; literary activity of, 123, 127, 133, 145. Antony--gift of, 137. Arabia--paper first made and used in, 73; monasteries of, 149, 155; schools and literature of, 152, 153, 155. Arabs--brought paper-making into Spain, 73; originated modern system of notation, 126. Architecture--characteristic of an age, 118. Asceticism--origin and development of, 154. Assur-bani-pal--ancient king of Assyria, 135; fostered literature and learning, 135, 136; library of, 135, 136; discoveries by Layard on library site, 136.