The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
First, then, we can clear away at once the cruder thoughts of the
unintelligent believer in the power of prayer; and those of the
scientific objector to prayer, who is not instructed in scriptural
doctrine. Prayer does not imply a probable reversal of the laws of
nature; but it does imply a moral government in the midst of the
physical world, and the subordination of the physical to the moral under
regulation of an all-wise and almighty Ruler. The question before us
concerns this subordination, and the possibilities which it implies.
Towards the attainment of exact conceptions here the first requisite is
a clear understanding of the scientific doctrine of the government of
the world by fixed law. In whatever sense we take the word "_law_" as
applicable to God's government of the universe, there is no law which is
fluctuating, or liable to have one signification at one time, and a
quite different signification at another time; a narrower range of
application at one period, and a wider range at a later. Such
fluctuation would imply a suspension of a law of nature, and the
conception of such a thing is inconsistent with absolute rational
government, alien equally to the principles of science and of religion.
Laws physical, moral, and spiritual are equally fixed laws.
But the laws of the universe are a harmony, and in the midst of the
interdependence of laws distinct in character, the harmony of the whole
is secured by the subordination of physical law to moral and spiritual.
It is in the midst of this harmonized relationship of the diverse laws
of the divine government that the spirit of prayer lives, and makes good
its rational consistency. And it is only on condition of acknowledgment
of diverse laws, including moral with physical, that the scientific man
can interpose any criticism as to the efficacy of prayer. Any denial of
a moral government in the midst of the physical universe, under sway of
a God of righteousness, places an objector entirely out of the sphere in
which criticism can proceed. Physical law determining conditions of
bodily life is fixed law; moral law deciding the conditions of right
conduct in intelligent life is fixed law; spiritual law deciding the
conditions of fellowship with the Father of our spirits is fixed law.
The believer in the Bible has no hesitancy in acknowledgment of all
this; he is a believer in fixed law in a higher and grander sense than
scientific teaching indicates, and he believes in the harmony of all
existence under an unchangeable government, notwithstanding all the
wrong doing in the world, and the dreadful misery resulting from it.
His belief in the harmony of the universe rests on his belief in the
fixedness of law physical as well as moral, and moral as well as
physical.
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