The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
Here the question may be raised,--May not the world have existed from
eternity? In the answer to this question there are several
considerations requiring to be distinguished. First, science has no
testimony to offer, inasmuch as it does not get beyond the area of laws
now operating. Second, the testimony of science concerning the world as
now existing is inconsistent with the supposition of its eternal
existence. The matter which is constantly operated upon by energy
distinct from itself, does not possess the property of self-subsistence;
neither does the energy which is constantly undergoing change. Continual
transition or change from one phase of existence, or set of relations,
to another, is a mark of the not-abiding, an evidence of subjection to,
and dependence on, what is beyond and above itself. The non-enduring, or
ever-changing, is constantly pointing to the ever-enduring.
Full understanding of the situation of things as discovered by science
will produce a much deeper impression on the public mind than has yet
been effected. The reasonableness of this expectation will readily
appear, if only some few of the positions be placed conspicuously in
view.
It is of special consequence to note that science has in this direction
_finished its work_, and reached its _ultimatum_, in demonstrating the
physical impossibility of either increasing or diminishing the existing
sum total of matter, or of energy. The conclusions are not such as can
be regarded as provisional, liable to be overreached, modified, or
enlarged, by what may afterwards be discovered. We are so much
influenced at present,--and scientific men share in the experience, as
well as others,--by the general and well-grounded expectation of the
unceasing advance of science, that it is peculiarly easy in sight of a
great general problem such as the origin and government of the world, to
overlook the significance of ultimate conclusions in given directions.
In this way, we too readily fall into the delusive tendency of regarding
accredited conclusions as still hanging in a measure of uncertainty, or
at least as having a dubious future before them, because they border
upon the region of the unknown so far as science is concerned, or upon a
realm of mystery, which science regards either with aversion, or with
cherished determination of attack. In the present singularly favorable
position of science, it is impossible for the public mind to escape this
tendency; but it becomes only the more imperative to distinguish as
occasion offers, those conclusions which are to be taken as final. This
is of immense consequence as bearing upon general conceptions concerning
the universe.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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