The religion of Plutarch : $b A pagan creed of apostolic timesOakesmith, John
Religion
The religion of Plutarch : $b A pagan creed of apostolic times
Oakesmith, John
Plutarch -- Religion
The group of philosophers gathered together at Delphi to discuss the
cessation of the oracles have fallen into an argument on the nature of
Dæmons, and certain considerations have been introduced which indicate a
liability to vice and death as inherent in their nature. This conclusion
shocks one of the speakers, but the pious Cleombrotus wants to know
in what respect Dæmons will differ from gods if they are endowed with
immortality and immunity from sin.[254] It is most significant, however,
that the famous and beautiful story which Cleombrotus tells in support
of his belief in the mortality of Dæmons, the story of the death of “the
great Pan,” is actually concerned with an announcement of the death of
one whom the popular faith accepted as a deity.[255] Demetrius, who had
just come from Britain, near which were many scattered desert islands,
some of them named after Dæmons and heroes, gives an authentic account
of the death of a Dæmon in the island of Anglesea.[256] Cleombrotus
then shows how a belief in the nativity and mortality of the Dæmons is
not unknown in Greek philosophy, “for the Stoics,” says he, “maintain
this view, _not only with regard to the Dæmons but also with regard to
the gods_—holding one for the Eternal and Immutable, while regarding
the remainder to have been born, and to be subject to death.”[257] The
whole course of the argument, even though the speakers are represented
as unconscious of the fact, leads to the identification of the popular
deities with the Dæmons. This strain of thought elsewhere loses the
unconscious quality, and becomes as definitely dogmatic as Plutarch’s
Academic bent of mind would allow. In the “Isis and Osiris,” for example,
he argues for the probability of the view which assigns the legends of
these two deities not to gods or men, but to Dæmons;[258] and proceeds
still further to breach the partition wall between the two natures by
introducing into his Dæmonology such legends as have raised Osiris and
Isis, on account of their virtue, from the rank of good Dæmons to that of
the gods,[259] and describes them as receiving everywhere the combined
honours of gods and Dæmons; and he appropriates the argument to Greek
religion by comparing this promotion to those of Herakles and Dionysus;
by identifying Isis with Proserpine, and subsequently Osiris with
Dionysus.[260]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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