[1141] _Rev. Arch._ i. 227; Greenwell, _British Barrows_, 165; Elton, 66; Renel, 95f., 194f. [1142] Reinach, _BF_ 286, 289, 362. [1143] O'Curry, _MS Mat._ 387. See a paper by Hartland, "The Voice of the Stone of Destiny," _Folk-lore Journal_, xiv. 1903. [1144] Petrie, _Trans. Royal Irish Acad._ xviii. pt. 2. [1145] O'Curry, _MS. Mat._ 393 f. [1146] Sébillot, i. 334 f. [1147] Trollope, _Brittany_, ii. 229; Bérenger-Féraud, _Superstitions et Survivances_, i. 529 f.; Borlase, _Dolmens of Ireland_, iii. 580, 689, 841 f. [1148] _Rev. des Trad._ 1894, 494; Bérenger-Féraud, i. 529, ii. 367; Elworthy, _Evil Eye_, 70. [1149] Bérenger-Féraud, i. 523; Elworthy, 69, 106; Reinach, _L'Anthropologie_, iv. 33. [1150] Kennedy, 324; Adamnan, _Vita S. Col._ ii. 35. [1151] Life of S. Fechin of Fore, _RC_ xii. 333; Life of S. Kieran, O'Grady, ii. 13; Amra Cholumbchille, _RC_ xx. 41; Life of S. Moling, _RC_ xxvii. 293; and other lives _passim_. See also Plummer, _Vitæ Sanctorum Hiberniæ_. [1152] Adamnan, ii. 34. This pebble was long preserved, but mysteriously disappeared when the person who sought it was doomed to die. [1153] Wodrow, _Analecta_, _passim_; Walker, _Six Saints of the Covenant_, ed. by Dr. Hay Fleming. CHAPTER XXII. THE STATE OF THE DEAD. Among all the problems with which man has busied himself, none so appeals to his hopes and fears as that of the future life. Is there a farther shore, and if so, shall we reach it? Few races, if any, have doubted the existence of a future state, but their conceptions of it have differed greatly. But of all the races of antiquity, outside Egypt, the Celts seem to have cherished the most ardent belief in the world beyond the grave, and to have been preoccupied with its joys. Their belief, so far as we know it, was extremely vivid, and its chief characteristic was life in the body after death, in another region.[1154] This, coupled with the fact that it was taught as a doctrine by the Druids, made it the admiration of classical onlookers. But besides this belief there was another, derived from the ideas of a distant past, that the dead lived on in the grave--the two conceptions being connected. And there may also have been a certain degree of belief in transmigration. Although the Celts believed that the soul could exist apart from the body, there seems to be no evidence that they believed in a future existence of the soul as a shade. This belief is certainly found in some late Welsh poems, where the ghosts are described as wandering in the Caledonian forest, but these can hardly be made use of as evidence for the old pagan doctrine. The evidence for the latter may be gathered from classical observers, from archæology and from Irish texts.