[FN#393] Here Karma simply means an active state; it should be distinguished from Karma, produced by actions. [FN#394] A. 'The following statement is similar to the second doctrine, or Hinayanism.' [FN#395] A. 'The following statement is similar to the first doctrine for men and Devas.' Thus (on one hand) the souls of those who committed the crimes of killing, stealing, and so on, are born, by the influence of the bad Karma, in hell, or among Pretas, or among beasts, or elsewhere. On the other hand, the souls of those who, being afraid of such sufferings, or being good-natured, gave alms, kept precepts, and so on, undergo Antarabhava[FN#396] by the influence of the good Kharma, enter into the womb of their mothers.[FN#397] [FN#396] The spiritual existence between this and another life. [FN#397] A. 'The following statement is similar to Confucianism and Taoism.' There they are endowed with the (so-called) Gas, or material (for body).[FN#398] The Gas first consists of four elements[FN#399] and it gradually forms various sense-organs. The mind first consists of the four aggregates,[FN#400] and it gradually forms various Vijnyanas. After the whole course of ten months they are born and called men. These are our present bodies and minds. Therefore we must know that body and mind has each its own origin, and that the two, being united, form one human being. They are born among Devas and Asuras, and so on in a manner almost similar to this. [FN#398] A. 'This harmonizes with the outside opinion that Gas is the origin.' [FN#399] (1) Earth, (2) water, (3) fire, (4) air. [FN#400] (1) Perception, (2) consciousness, (3) conception, (4) knowledge.