The religions of ancient Egypt and BabyloniaSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Religion
The religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Assyro-Babylonian religion; Egypt -- Religion
The “tablet of wisdom” was distinct from the “tablets of destiny,” which
gave their possessor a foreknowledge of the future course of events. The
possession of the latter implied supreme rule over gods and men; it
brought with it the right to be “Bel” in the fullest sense of the word.
Like the Urim and Thummim, they were hung upon the breast; and in the Epic
of the Creation, Tiamât is described as delivering them to her demon
husband Kingu, who thereby became the acknowledged ruler of the world. The
victory of Merodach over the powers of darkness transferred to him the
mystic tablets; from henceforth he was the Bel who had made, and who
directed, the existing universe; and once each year, at the New Year’s
festival, he sat enthroned above the mercy-seat in his temple at Babylon,
declaring the destinies of the coming year. But before the tablets were
given to Bel-Merodach of Babylon, they had belonged to the older Bel of
Nippur and Dur-ili; and a myth told how Zu, the storm-bird, had stolen
them while Bel was “pouring forth the pure water and mounting his throne”
at the beginning of day. “I will take,” he had said, “the divine tablets
of destiny, even I; the laws(326) of all the gods will I decree; my throne
will I establish and issue my commands, and direct all the angels (of
heaven).” The thief flew with his spoil to Mount Sâbu; and Anu called in
vain upon his brother gods to pursue and smite him, and recover the stolen
treasure. It was only at last by the help of stratagem that the nest of Zu
was found, and the tablets restored to Bel.
A myth of more transparent meaning is that which told of the ravages
wrought in land after land by Urra, the Pestilence. The description of the
plague-god reminds us of that angel of pestilence whom David saw with his
hand stretched forth over Jerusalem. No moral considerations moved him;
just and unjust, the sinner and the innocent, were alike involved in a
common destruction. Babylon was the first to be smitten, then Erech; and
Merodach and Istar mourned vainly over the ruin of their people. Then
Isum, the angel-messenger of Urra, was sent on a longer mission. The
pestilence spread over the whole civilised world; Syria and Assyria,
Elamite and Bedâwin, Kurd and Akkadian equally suffered. The vineyards of
Amanus and the Lebanon were rooted up, and those who cultivated them
perished from the earth. For “unnumbered years” the scourge lasted, for
Urra had “planned evil because of former wickedness,” and it was long
before his rage was appeased, and the world returned to its normal state.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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