The religions of ancient Egypt and BabyloniaSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Religion
The religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Assyro-Babylonian religion; Egypt -- Religion
The Epic begins with a description of his rule at Erech, “the seat” of his
power. Between him and the inhabitants of the city there seems to have
been little goodwill. He had not left, they complained, the son to his
father or the wife to her husband. It may be that the legend contains a
germ of historical truth, and goes back to the days when Erech was still a
battleground between Sumerian and Semite.(330) At any rate the gods, we
are told, heard the cry of the people, and Aruru was instructed to create
a rival to Gilgames, who might overcome him in the contest of strength.
The goddess accordingly kneaded clay with her hands, and made it in the
form of Ea-bani, half-man and half-beast. His body was covered with hair;
“he knew neither kin nor country”; “with the gazelles he ate the grass” of
the field, and “satisfied his thirst with the cattle.” On the seals he is
represented as a satyr with a goat’s legs and human head.
Vainly “the Huntsman” endeavoured to capture him. Ea-bani broke through
the nets that were laid for him; and it was only when one of the
courtesans of Istar was sent to entice him that he yielded to the
temptation, and left his gazelles and cattle to lie with her seven nights.
When once more he turned back to them, they fled from him in terror; he
had become a man, knowing good and evil, and between him and the brute
beasts there was nothing more in common. He listened accordingly to the
courtesan, and went with her to Erech, “the seat of Gilgames, the giant in
strength, who like a wild ox is stronger than the strongest men.” There
Gilgames had dreamed three dreams relating to him; and Ea-bani, on hearing
the interpretation of them, gave up his design of wrestling with the hero,
and became instead his fast friend and ally.
The third book of the Epic describes the expedition of the two heroes
against the tyrant Khumbaba, whose home was in the cedar-forest of Elam.
They found a way into its magical depths, gazing in wonder at the height
of the trees, and beholding the mountain of the cedars, “the mystic” seat
of the gods, the shrine of Irnini; “before the mountain the cedars lifted
up their luxuriant foliage; deep was their shadow and full of pleasaunce.”
Khumbaba was overcome and slain; but Gilgames once more dreamed a dream,
wherein the heavens thundered, the lightning flashed, and the earth shook,
and which portended disaster to Ea-bani and his friend.
The sixth and following books describe how the dream was fulfilled. Istar
saw and loved Gilgames in the strength of his manhood, and asked him to be
her bridegroom. “If thou wilt be my husband,” she declared—
“I will let thee ride in a chariot of lapis-lazuli and gold,
thou shalt harness each day great mules (to thy yoke);
the odours of cedar shall enter our house ...
Kings, lords, and princes [shall bow] at thy feet;
[the increase] of mountain and plain shall they bring thee in
tribute.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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