The religions of ancient Egypt and BabyloniaSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Religion
The religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Assyro-Babylonian religion; Egypt -- Religion
In the language of ancient Egypt the word _neter_ signified “a god.” Sir
P. le Page Renouf endeavoured to show that the word originally meant
“strong,” and that the first Egyptians accordingly pictured their gods as
embodiments of strength.(88) But it has been pointed out(89) that where
_neter_ is used in the sense of “strong,” it is rather the lustiness of
youth that is meant, and that a better rendering would be “fresh and
vigorous.” The verb _neter_ signifies “to flourish” and “grow up.”
Moreover, it is a question whether between this verb and the word for
“god” there is any connection at all. It is difficult to understand how
the gods could be described as “growths” unless they were conceived of as
plants; and of this there is no evidence in ancient Egypt. We must be
content with the fact that as far back as we can trace the history of the
word _neter_, it meant “god” and “god” only.
But we must also beware of supposing that the Egyptians attached the same
ideas to it that we do, or that it had the same connotation at all periods
of their history or among all classes of the people. The pantheistic deity
of Khu-n-Aten was a very different being from the sun-god of whom the
Pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty had called themselves the sons, and between
the divinity which the multitude saw in the bull Apis and the formless and
ever-living Creator of the priesthood there was a gulf which could hardly
be bridged. But even the conception of the Creator formed by the
priesthood is difficult for us to realise. Eighteen centuries of
Christianity have left their impress upon us, and we start from a
different background of ideas from that of the Egyptian, to whatever class
he may have belonged. It is impossible that we can enter exactly into what
the Egyptian meant by such expressions as “living for ever” or “having no
form”; even the words “life” and “form” would not have had the same
connotation for him that they have for us. All that we can do is to
approximate to the meaning that he gave to them, remembering that our
translation of them into the language of to-day can be approximative only.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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