[Footnote 41: RV. viii. 51. 2; Zimmer, _loc. cit_. p. 328.] [Footnote 42: Compare Weber, _Episch. in Vedisch. Ritual_, p. 777 (and above). The man who is slaughtered must be neither a priest nor a slave, but a warrior or a man of the third caste (Weber, _loc. cit_. above).] [Footnote 43: _Le Mercier_, 1637, ap. Parkman, _loc. cit_. p. 80. The current notion that the American Indian burns his victims at the stake merely for pleasure is not incorrect. He frequently did so, as he does so to-day, but in the seventeenth century this act often is part of a religious ceremony. He probably would have burned his captive, anyway, but he gladly utilized his pleasure as a means of propitiating his gods. In India it was just the other way.] [Footnote 44: Substitutes of metal or of earthen victims are also mentioned.] [Footnote 45: That the Vedic rite of killing the sacrificial beast (by beating and smothering) was very cruel may be seen in the description, _[=A]it. Br_. ii. 6.] [Footnote 46: _Çat. Br._ i. 5. 2. 4.] [Footnote 47: _Sams[=a]ra_ is transmigration; _karma_, 'act,' implies that the change of abode is conditioned by the acts of a former life. Each may exclude the other; but in common parlance each implies the other.] [Footnote 48: Weber, _Indischt Streifen_, i. p. 72.] [Footnote 49: _Çat. Br_. i. 7. 3. 19: iii. 4. 1. 17.] [Footnote 50: _Çaf. Br_. iii. 5. 4. 10; 6. 2. 24; 5. 3. 17 (compare 6. 4. 23-24; 3. 4. 11; 2. 1. 12); iii. 1. 2. 4; 3. 14; i. 7. 2. 9; vi. 1. 2. 14. The change of name is interesting. There is a remark in another part of the same work to the effect that when a man prospers in life they give his name also to his son, grandson, _and to his father and grandfather_ (vi. 1. 2. 13). On the other hand, it was the custom of the Indian kings in later ages to assume the names of their prosperous grandfathers (JRAS. iv. 85).] [Footnote 51: Were it not for the first clause it would be more natural to render the original 'The gods are truth alone, and men are untruth.'] [Footnote 52: In _Çat. Br_. ii. 4. 2. 5-6 it is said that the Father-god gives certain rules of eating to gods, Manes, men, and beasts: "Neither gods, Manes, nor beasts transgress the Father's law, only some men do."] [Footnote 53: _Çat. Br_. ii. 5. 2. 20. Varuna seizes on her paramour, when she confesses. _T[.a]itt. Br_. i. 6. 5. 2. The guilt confessed becomes less "because it thereby becomes truth" (right).] [Footnote 54: See _Çat. Br._. ii. 4. 2. 6; 4. 1. 14; 1. 3. 9; 3. 1. 28: "Who knows man's morrow? Then let one not procrastinate." "Today is self, this alone is certain, uncertain is the morrow."]