Justice -- Early works to 1800; Political science -- Early works to 1800; Utopias -- Early works to 1800
How admirable are his words! And the great blessing of riches, *331B* I do
not say to every man, but to a good man, is, that he has had no occasion
to deceive or to defraud others, either intentionally or unintentionally;
and when he departs to the world below he is not in any apprehension about
offerings due to the gods or debts which he owes to men. Now to this peace
of mind the possession of wealth greatly contributes; and therefore I say,
that, setting one thing against another, of the many advantages which
wealth has to give, to a man of sense this is in my opinion the greatest.
{6}
[Sidenote: Cephalus, Socrates, Polemarchus.]
[Sidenote: Justice to speak truth and pay your debts.]
*331C* Well said, Cephalus, I replied; but as concerning justice, what is
it?--to speak the truth and to pay your debts--no more than this? And even
to this are there not exceptions? Suppose that a friend when in his right
mind has deposited arms with me and he asks for them when he is not in his
right mind, ought I to give them back to him? No one would say that I
ought or that I should be right in doing so, any more than they would say
that I ought always to speak the truth to one who is in his condition.
*331D* You are quite right, he replied.
But then, I said, speaking the truth and paying your debts is not a
correct definition of justice.
[Sidenote: This is the definition of Simonides. But you ought not on all
occasions to do either. What then was his meaning?]
Quite correct, Socrates, if Simonides is to be believed, said Polemarchus
interposing.
I fear, said Cephalus, that I must go now, for I have to look after the
sacrifices, and I hand over the argument to Polemarchus and the company.
Is not Polemarchus your heir? I said.
To be sure, he answered, and went away laughing to the sacrifices.
*331E* Tell me then, O thou heir of the argument, what did Simonides say,
and according to you truly say, about justice?
He said that the repayment of a debt is just, and in saying so he appears
to me to be right.
I should be sorry to doubt the word of such a wise and inspired man, but
his meaning, though probably clear to you, is the reverse of clear to me.
For he certainly does not mean, as we were just now saying, that I ought
to return a deposit of arms or of anything else to one who asks for it
*332A* when he is not in his right senses; and yet a deposit cannot be
denied to be a debt.
True.
Then when the person who asks me is not in his right mind I am by no means
to make the return?
Certainly not.
When Simonides said that the repayment of a debt was justice, he did not
mean to include that case?
Certainly not; for he thinks that a friend ought always to do good to a
friend and never evil.
[Sidenote: Socrates, Polemarchus.]
*332B* You mean that the return of a deposit of gold which is to the
injury of the receiver, if the two parties are friends, is not the
repayment of a debt,--that is what you would imagine him to say?
Yes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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