Justice -- Early works to 1800; Political science -- Early works to 1800; Utopias -- Early works to 1800
We cannot give any more precise meaning to this remarkable passage, but we
may trace in it several rudiments or vestiges of thought which are common
to us and to Plato: such as (1) the unity and correlation of the sciences,
or rather of science, for in Plato's time they were not yet parted off or
distinguished; (2) the existence of a Divine Power, or life or idea or
cause or reason, not yet conceived or no longer conceived as in the
Timaeus and elsewhere under the form of a person; (3) the recognition of
the hypothetical and conditional character of the mathematical sciences,
and in a measure of every science when isolated from the rest; (4) the
conviction of a truth which is invisible, and of a law, though hardly a
law of nature, which permeates the intellectual rather than the visible
world.
The method of Socrates is hesitating and tentative, awaiting the fuller
explanation of the idea of good, and of the nature of dialectic in the
seventh book. The imperfect intelligence of Glaucon, and the reluctance of
Socrates to make a beginning, mark the difficulty of the subject. The
allusion to Theages' bridle, and to the internal oracle, or demonic sign,
of Socrates, which here, as always in Plato, is only prohibitory; the
remark that the salvation of any remnant of good in the present evil state
of the world is due to God only; the reference to a future state of
existence, 498 D, which is unknown to Glaucon in the tenth book, 608 D,
and in which the discussions of Socrates and his disciples would be
resumed; the surprise in the answers at 487 E and 497 B; the fanciful
irony of Socrates, where he pretends that he can only describe the strange
position of the philosopher in a figure of speech; the original
observation that the Sophists, after all, are only the representatives and
not the leaders of public opinion; the picture of the philosopher standing
aside in the shower of sleet under a wall; the figure of 'the great beast'
followed by the expression of good-will towards the common people who
would not have rejected the philosopher if they had known him; the 'right
noble thought' that the highest {xcvii} truths demand the greatest
exactness; the hesitation of Socrates in returning once more to his
well-worn theme of the idea of good; the ludicrous earnestness of Glaucon;
the comparison of philosophy to a deserted maiden who marries beneath
her--are some of the most interesting characteristics of the sixth book.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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