The Republic of Ragusa: An Episode of the Turkish ConquestVillari, Luigi
History
The Republic of Ragusa: An Episode of the Turkish Conquest
Villari, Luigi
Dubrovnik (Croatia) -- History
In the south a vigorous resistance was maintained by Skanderbeg,[416]
the only Christian leader worthy of the name since the death of
Hunyadi. Captured by the Turks when a child and brought up as a
Muhamedan in the corps of Janissaries, he distinguished himself by his
prowess in the Turkish service. But during the Servian campaign of 1442
he was suddenly inspired with a feeling of duty towards his native
country and the faith of his ancestors. He abandoned the Turkish host
with 300 followers, obtained possession of the fortress of Kroia by
stratagem, and from that day forth maintained in the wild fastnesses
of Albania a desperate and successful struggle against the Turks. Only
once was he defeated (in 1456); but on countless other occasions he
inflicted overwhelming defeats on the enemy, and he came to be regarded
as the chief bulwark of Christianity in the Balkans, assuming the title
of “Athleta Christianitatis.” In 1444 he summoned a council of Albanian
leaders at the Venetian town of Alessio to concert defensive measures.
Army after army was hurled against him, only to be repulsed and cut to
pieces. After the capture of Constantinople Mohammed sent Hamsa Pasha
with 50,000 men into Albania, but he was defeated by Skanderbeg with
only 11,000. A few months later the Albanian hero passed through Ragusa
on his way to Apulia to obtain help from Alfonso V., King of Naples,
and having received promises of a contingent of Neapolitan troops,
he returned in disguise to Ragusa, when he was given a ship to go to
Redoni in Albania. According to Razzi,[417] the Sultan heard of this
visit and raised the Ragusan tribute in consequence. The Neapolitan
historian Summonte, on the other hand, states that Skanderbeg himself
did not come to Naples on this occasion, but sent three ambassadors.
He adds that Albania was then placed under Neapolitan protection.
What is certain, however, is that 1000 men and 18 guns were sent from
Naples to the Athlete of Christendom. In 1458 Alfonso died, and his
son Ferdinand found his succession disputed by John of Anjou, who had
the support of most of the barons. He then appealed to Skanderbeg
for help, and the chivalrous Albanian, who was not forgetful of past
services, being at the time undisturbed by the Turks, crossed over to
Apulia in 1459, defeated Ferdinand’s enemies, established the King
securely on the throne, and returned to Albania the following year.
Ragusa again furnished him with money and arms, recommended his cause
to the Pope, and gave him ships for service along the coast and between
Albania and Italy. It is probable that all his sea journeys as well
as those of his ambassadors were performed on Ragusan ships. He also
deposited sums of money in the treasury of the Republic. Between 1460
and 1461 he defeated four Turkish armies of 300,000 or 400,000 men
each, and obliged Mohammed to make peace with him. Early in 1462 he
again visited Ragusa, where he was greatly honoured by the citizens,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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