The Republic of Ragusa: An Episode of the Turkish ConquestVillari, Luigi
History
The Republic of Ragusa: An Episode of the Turkish Conquest
Villari, Luigi
Dubrovnik (Croatia) -- History
Another distinguished family of Ragusan mariners was that of Ivelja
Ohmučević, Count of Tuhelj. The Ohmučevići were among the earliest
exiles from the Herzegovina, who took refuge at Ragusa at the time of
the Turkish conquest, and were granted lands at Slano. They at once
began to devote themselves to maritime affairs, and in 1540 and 1541
the Republic hired their ships to transport grain from Italy. Their
house at Slano was a miniature court, and fitted up with every luxury
and elegance. It was a haven of refuge, where hospitality was dispensed
to all sailors or voyagers who entered Slano harbour to escape from the
tempest or from the pirates. Thus the Greek prince Alexius Comnenus,
after having been defeated by the corsair Karakosha, put in at Slano
and repaired his ships in Ivelja’s docks in 1569. He eventually settled
there, and married into the Count’s family. Ivelja’s sons all entered
the Spanish service, in which they greatly distinguished themselves.
The most famous of them was Don Pietro d’Ivelja Ohmučević-Grgurić, who
took part in the expedition to Portugal in 1580, where it is said that
forty Ragusan vessels were lost, and in 1582 he commanded some Ragusan
ships in the expedition to the Azores, under the Marquis de Santa
Cruz. Later he raised a force against the pirate Passareto, who was
eventually killed. He fitted out a fleet of twelve ships, known as the
“Twelve Apostles,” for the service of Spain, manned by 3200 Ragusans
and other Dalmatians, at a cost of 190,000 ducats.[483] This squadron
took part in an expedition to the Indies and in the Invincible Armada.
One of the ships, the _Annunciation_, was commanded by Count Peter’s
brother-in-law, the Almirante Don Estevan de Olisti-Tasovčić, “a very
brave youth, of high spirits and beautiful manners,”[484] who behaved
with conspicuous gallantry in the Armada. “Finding himself separated
from the body of the Spanish fleet, he was bombarded by the enemies’
batteries, and escaped out of the range of their fire with difficulty,
and in such a terrible plight that he was in danger of foundering, and
unable to repair the damages. The Duke of Medina-Sidonia, grasping
the situation, at once sent two _pataches_[485] to the rescue, so
as to save at least the crew. Don Estevan made for the Irish coast
near Limerick, and succeeded in transferring his men from the doomed
galleon to the _pataches_ under a heavy fire. He then burnt his ship,
to prevent her falling into the hands of the English, and sailed away
to Santander, which he reached without the loss of a single man.[486]
Afterwards he joined Count Peter at Cape Finisterre with a new galleon,
which he had fitted out at his own expense, so as to complete the
“Twelve Apostles.” When Count Peter died he left the fleet as an
inheritance to the King of Spain. But the vessels foundered soon after,
and Don Estevan was sent to Terceira with another squadron. This, too,
came to a similar end, and sank with all hands in a sudden Atlantic
storm.
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